Phase and composition depth distribution analyses of low energy, high flux N implanted stainless steel

The phase and composition depth distributions of a low‐energy (0.7 keV), high‐flux (2.5 mA/cm2) N implanted fcc AISI 304 stainless steel held at 400 °C have been investigated by step‐wise Ar+ beam sputter removal in conjunction with conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). A metastable, fcc, high‐N phase (γN), with both magnetic and paramagnetic characteristics, was found to be distributed in the N implanted layer generated by the low‐energy, elevated temperature, implantation conditions. The magnetic γN was found to be ferromagnetic and was distributed in the highest N concentration region of the implanted layer (the top 0.5 μm) while the paramagnetic γN becomes predominant below 0.5 μm, where the N content is only slightly lower. The ferromagnetic state is linked to large lattice expansions due to high N contents (∼30 at.%) as determined by XRD and electron microprobe. The relatively uniform XRD N distribution to a depth of ∼1 μm suggests a sensitive dependence of the magn...

[1]  D. Williamson,et al.  The annealing behavior of implanted nitrogen in fcc stainless steel , 1994 .

[2]  P. Wilbur,et al.  The Effects of Low-Energy-Nitrogen-Ion Implantation on the Tribological and Microstructural Characteristics of AISI 304 Stainless Steel , 1994 .

[3]  Uhl,et al.  Spin fluctuations in gamma -Fe and in Fe3Pt Invar from local-density-functional calculations. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[4]  C. Chien,et al.  Radio frequency reactive sputtered iron nitrides using ammonia gas: Structure and magnetic properties , 1994 .

[5]  P. Wilbur,et al.  Metastable phase formation and enhanced diffusion in f.c.c. alloys under high dose, high flux nitrogen implantation at high and low ion energies , 1994 .

[6]  C. Leroy,et al.  Properties of sputtered stainless steel-nitrogen coatings and structural analogy with low temperature plasma nitrided layers of austenitic steels , 1991 .

[7]  S. Glick,et al.  Microstructure of ultrahigh dose nitrogen-implanted iron and stainless steel , 1991 .

[8]  D. Rancourt,et al.  Microstructure and low temperature magnetism of FeNi invar alloys , 1990 .

[9]  P. Wilbur,et al.  Solid solution strengthening of stainless steel surface layers by rapid, high-dose, elevated temperature nitrogen ion implantation , 1990 .

[10]  M. Somers,et al.  Development and relaxation of stress in surface layers; Composition and residual stress profiles in γ′-Fe4N1−x layers on α-Fe substrates , 1990 .

[11]  H. Ino,et al.  Interaction and arrangement of nitrogen atoms in FCC γ-iron , 1990 .

[12]  Abd-Elmeguid,et al.  Observation of a pressure-induced collapse of the Fe magnetic moment in the strong itinerant ferromagnet Fe72Pt28. , 1989, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[13]  M. Padgett,et al.  Investigation of the magnetic properties of sandwiched epitaxial Fe and Co films using the magneto-optic Kerr effect , 1989 .

[14]  P. Wilbur,et al.  Tribological and Mossbauer Studies of Ion-Implanted Iron , 1988 .

[15]  H. Ledbetter,et al.  Dilation of an FCC Fe−Cr−Ni alloy by interstitial carbon and nitrogen , 1987 .

[16]  D. Fobare,et al.  Mössbauer study of Ti‐implanted 52100 steel , 1986 .

[17]  G. M. Chen,et al.  Moessbauer and magnetic studies of epsilon-Fe/sub x/N, 2 , 1983 .

[18]  Joseph Callaway,et al.  Lattice-parameter dependence of ferromagnetism in bcc and fcc iron , 1983 .

[19]  G. M. Chen,et al.  Mössbauer and magnetic studies of ε-FexN, 2 , 1983 .

[20]  H. Birnbaum,et al.  Hydrogen-related phase transformations in austenitic stainless steels , 1982 .

[21]  J. Kübler.  Magnetic moments of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic bcc and fcc iron , 1981 .

[22]  P. McCarthy,et al.  Conversion electron, Auger electron and “resonant” photoelectron production and transmission in 57Fe Backscatter electron Mössbauer spectroscopy , 1979 .

[23]  J. Dubois,et al.  Evaluation of hyperfine parameter distributions from overlapped Mossbauer spectra of amorphous alloys , 1979 .

[24]  U. Bäverstam,et al.  Analysis of the electron transport in conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) , 1978 .

[25]  D. L. Williamson,et al.  Antiferromagnetism of FCC Fe thin films , 1977 .

[26]  W. Whitlow,et al.  A Mössbauer and X-ray investigation of ξ-Fe2N , 1973 .

[27]  D. H. Jack,et al.  Invited review: Carbides and nitrides in steel , 1973 .

[28]  H. Wiedersich,et al.  Determination of Néel Temperatures in Fcc Iron , 1963 .