Bilateral based robust load frequency control

Load frequency control (LFC) has been one of the major subjects in electric power system design/operation and is becoming much more significant today in accordance with increasing size and the changing structure and complexity of interconnected power systems. In practice, power systems use simple proportional-integral (PI) controllers for frequency regulation and load tracking. However, since the PI controller parameters are usually tuned based on classical or trial and error approaches, they are incapable of obtaining good dynamical performance for a wide range of operating conditions and various load changes scenarios in a restructured power system. This paper addresses a new decentralized robust LFC design in a deregulated power system under a bilateral based policy scheme. In each control area, the effect of bilateral contracts is taken into account as a set of new input signals in a modified traditional dynamical model. The LFC problem is formulated as a multi-objective control problem via a mixed H2/Hinf control technique. In order to design a robust PI controller, the control problem is reduced to a static output feedback control synthesis, and then, it is solved using a developed iterative linear matrix inequalities algorithm to get a robust performance index close to a specified optimal one. The proposed method is applied to a 3 control area power system with possible contract scenarios and a wide range of load changes. The results of the proposed multi-objective PI controllers are compared with H2/Hinf dynamic controllers.