Evaluation of dementia.

Dementia is the clinical syndrome characterized by acquired losses of cognitive and emotional abilities severe enough to interfere with daily functioning and the quality of life. The term does not imply a specific cause or pathologic process. More than 55 illnesses, some nonprogressive, can cause dementia.1 It occurs primarily late in life; the prevalence is about 1 percent at the age of 60 years and doubles every five years, to reach 30 to 50 percent by the age of 85.2,3 Because all types of dementia are treatable, at least with psychosocial interventions, accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the . . .

[1]  L. Thal,et al.  Diagnosis and evaluation of dementia* , 1995, Neurology.

[2]  A. Roses.  Apolipoprotein E genotyping in the differential diagnosis, not prediction, of Alzheimer's disease , 1995, Annals of neurology.

[3]  Jeffrey L. Cummings,et al.  Aphasia in dementia of the Alzheimer type , 1985, Neurology.

[4]  A. Paetau,et al.  Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia: a prospective clinical and post-mortem neuropathological study. , 1988, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[5]  P J Whitehouse,et al.  Psychiatric symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease. , 1990, The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[6]  I. Ferrier,et al.  An evaluation of the predictive validity and inter‐rater reliability of clinical diagnostic criteria for senile dementia of Lewy body type , 1994, Neurology.

[7]  T. Strine,et al.  Epidemiology of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States, 1979-1990: analysis of national mortality data. , 1995, Neuroepidemiology.

[8]  R. Carmel,et al.  Neurologic and evoked potential abnormalities in subtle cobalamin deficiency states, including deficiency without anemia and with normal absorption of free cobalamin. , 1990, Archives of neurology.

[9]  Yaakov Stern,et al.  Relationships between extrapyramidal signs and cognitive function in a community‐dwelling cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease and normal elderly individuals , 1993, Annals of neurology.

[10]  L. Barclay,et al.  Urinary and gait disturbances as markers for early multi-infarct dementia. , 1987, Stroke.

[11]  P. Whitehouse,et al.  Fairhill Guidelines on Ethics of the Care of People With Alzheimer's Disease: A Clinical Summary * , 1995, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[12]  P. Lantos,et al.  Cortical Lewy body dementia: clinical features and classification. , 1989, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[13]  L. Heston,et al.  Pick's disease. Clinical genetics and natural history. , 1987 .

[14]  L. Thal,et al.  The Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease , 1990, Neurology.

[15]  M. Mendez,et al.  Dementia presenting with aphasia: clinical characteristics. , 1991, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[16]  Christian Blomstrand,et al.  Predictive value of the cerebrospinal fluid tap‐test , 1986 .

[17]  Hiromitsu Iwamoto,et al.  Incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a defined elderly Japanese population , 1995, Neurology.

[18]  D. N. Ripich,et al.  Turn-taking and speech act patterns in the discourse of senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type patients , 1991, Brain and Language.

[19]  S. Folstein,et al.  "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. , 1975, Journal of psychiatric research.

[20]  J V Haxby,et al.  Visuospatial attention in dementia of the Alzheimer type. , 1992, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[21]  K. Marder,et al.  Neuropsychological detection and characterization of preclinical Alzheimer's disease , 1995, Neurology.

[22]  P. Gorelick,et al.  CT and MRI findings among African-Americans with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and stroke without dementia , 1995, Neurology.

[23]  M. Albert,et al.  Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in a community population of older persons. Higher than previously reported. , 1989, JAMA.

[24]  S. Post.  Genetics, Ethics, and Alzheimer Disease , 1994, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[25]  M. Strauss,et al.  Personality changes in Alzheimer's disease. , 1992, Archives of neurology.

[26]  Richard J Martin,et al.  Assessment of Behavioral and Affective Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease , 1990, Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology.

[27]  P. J. Whitehouse,et al.  Complex visual disturbances in Alzheimer's disease , 1990, Neurology.

[28]  D. Neary,et al.  Dementia of frontal lobe type. , 1988, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[29]  J. Morris.  Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. , 1994, Clinics in geriatric medicine.

[30]  W. Jagust,et al.  Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the State of California Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers , 1992, Neurology.

[31]  G. C. Román,et al.  Vascular dementia , 1993, Neurology.

[32]  E. Wagner,et al.  Do Surgical Brain Lesions Present as Isolated Dementia? A Population‐Based Study , 1995, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[33]  C. Blomstrand,et al.  Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Predictive value of the cerebrospinal fluid tap-test. , 1986, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.