Corporate Governance and Firm Strategy in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Using the case of the pharmaceutical industry, this paper assesses how the leading German and UK firms are adapting to changes in their competitive environment, at both the national and international level. We attempt to link how firms create governance structures (management decision-making, the organisation of the R&D process, etc.), and the national system of innovation, impact the innovation strategies adopted in leading German and UK firms. Our results show that first, the firm competencies created in order to compete globally may still originate within national economies, in part because the generation of R&D remains relatively national. Second, towards the end of the 1970s, the scientific basis in the pharmaceutical industry began to change rapidly. The evidence presented shows that UK firms rapidly developed new competencies in biotechnology and other research areas in response to the structural changes. However, German firms tended, until very recently, to maintain and in some cases strengthen competencies in traditional research methods based on organic chemistry. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Corporate Governance und Unternehmensstrategie in der pharmazeutischen Industrie) Am Beispiel der pharmazeutischen Industrie wird in diesem Beitrag aufgezeigt, wie fuhrende deutsche und britische Firmen sich an Anderungen in ihrer Unternehmensumwelt anpassen, sowohl der nationalen wie auch der internationalen Umwelt. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Unternehmen Governance-Strukturen (Managemententscheidungen, die Organisation von FuE-Prozessen etc.) schaffen und wie nationale Innovationssysteme die Innovationsstrategien beeinflussen, die von fuhrenden deutschen und britischen Firmen verfolgt werden. Erstens gelangt die Studie zu dem Ergebnis, das die Kompetenz der Unternehmen so ausgerichtet wurde, das sie fur den globalen Wettbewerb fit sind, aber ihre Wurzeln dennoch innerhalb der nationalen Volkswirtschaften behalten, teilweise deshalb, weil FuE verhaltnismasig national fundiert ist. Zweitens begann zum Ende der siebziger Jahre eine dramatische Anderung in der wissenschaftlichen Basis der pharmazeutischen Industrie. Diese Evidenz zeigt, das britische Firmen rasch neue Kompetenz in Biotechnologie und anderen Forschungsbereichen entwickelten, um auf die Anderungen zu reagieren. Deutsche Unternehmen tendierten jedoch noch bis vor kurzem dazu, ihre bisherige Kompetenz beizubehalten und in manchen Fallen in traditionellen Forschungsbereichen, basierend auf organischer Chemie, sogar zu verstarken.

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