Green Materials: Adhesive Properties of Bio-oils Derived from Various Biorenewable Waste Streams: From Wood to Paper to Paper Deinking Residue

Making innovative use of low-value and underutilized biorenewable waste streams, and the unavoidable losses resulted from industrial practices, is crucial for transitioning from a petro- to a biobased economy in the 21st century. This study provides a holistic and comprehensive overview of the adhesive properties of bio-oils generated from microwave-assisted low-temperature (<200 °C) pyrolysis of three biorenewable wastes: spruce wood chips, waste paper, and paper deinking residue (DIR). The spruce wood chips and waste paper derived bio-oil could bond two Al plates with high tensile strengths generally. Highest tensile strengths around 2520 N were reached with the spruce wood chips derived bio-oil. The ATR-IR and solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR characterization of the bio-oil polymer scrapings reveal that the bio-oil possibly undergoes homo- and/or cross-coupling reactions during curing. A model compound study using 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levoglucosan, and catechol was conducted to study the role of di...

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