pH sensing properties of graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors

The use of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition to fabricate solution-gated field-effect transistors (SGFET) on different substrates is reported. SGFETs were fabricated using graphene transferred on poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) substrate in order to study the influence of using a flexible substrate for pH sensing. Furthermore, in order to understand the influence of fabrication-related residues on top of the graphene surface, a fabrication method was developed for graphene-on-SiO2 SGFETs that enables to keep a graphene surface completely clean of any residues at the end of the fabrication. We were then able to demonstrate that the electrical response of the SGFET devices to pH does not depend either on the specific substrate on which graphene is transferred or on the existence of a moderate amount of fabrication-related residues on top of the graphene surface. These considerations simplify and ease the design and fabrication of graphene pH sensors, paving the way for developing low c...

[1]  Jing Kong,et al.  Understanding and controlling the substrate effect on graphene electron-transfer chemistry via reactivity imprint lithography. , 2012, Nature chemistry.

[2]  Lucas H. Hess,et al.  Graphene Transistor Arrays for Recording Action Potentials from Electrogenic Cells , 2011, Advanced materials.

[3]  K. Loh,et al.  Ion Adsorption at the Graphene/Electrolyte Interface , 2011 .

[4]  J. Kong,et al.  Impact of Graphene Interface Quality on Contact Resistance and RF Device Performance , 2011, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[5]  Martin Stutzmann,et al.  High-transconductance graphene solution-gated field effect transistors , 2011, 1105.6332.

[6]  X. Duan,et al.  Top-gated chemical vapor deposition grown graphene transistors with current saturation. , 2011, Nano letters.

[7]  Daoben Zhu,et al.  Chemical doping of graphene , 2011 .

[8]  Y. Ohno,et al.  Label-free biosensors based on aptamer-modified graphene field-effect transistors. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[9]  Cees Dekker,et al.  Influence of electrolyte composition on liquid-gated carbon nanotube and graphene transistors. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[10]  Lucas H. Hess,et al.  Graphene Solution‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistor Array for Sensing Applications , 2010 .

[11]  F. Speck,et al.  Characteristics of solution gated field effect transistors on the basis of epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide , 2010 .

[12]  Kwang S. Kim,et al.  Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes. , 2010, Nature nanotechnology.

[13]  Han Wang,et al.  Graphene-Based Ambipolar RF Mixers , 2010, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[14]  K. Shepard,et al.  Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics. , 2010, Nature nanotechnology.

[15]  Wonbong Choi,et al.  Large-area graphene on polymer film for flexible and transparent anode in field emission device , 2010 .

[16]  Peng Chen,et al.  Electrical Detection of DNA Hybridization with Single‐Base Specificity Using Transistors Based on CVD‐Grown Graphene Sheets , 2010, Advanced materials.

[17]  Qiang Li,et al.  Suspended graphene sensors with improved signal and reduced noise. , 2010, Nano letters.

[18]  Charles M Lieber,et al.  Graphene and nanowire transistors for cellular interfaces and electrical recording. , 2010, Nano letters.

[19]  Y. Ohno,et al.  Electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors for detecting pH and protein adsorption. , 2009, Nano letters.

[20]  S. Banerjee,et al.  Large-Area Synthesis of High-Quality and Uniform Graphene Films on Copper Foils , 2009, Science.

[21]  D. Nezich,et al.  Graphene Frequency Multipliers , 2009, IEEE Electron Device Letters.

[22]  Kwang S. Kim,et al.  Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes , 2009, Nature.

[23]  K. Jenkins,et al.  Operation of graphene transistors at gigahertz frequencies. , 2008, Nano letters.

[24]  N. Kybert,et al.  Intrinsic response of graphene vapor sensors. , 2008, Nano letters.

[25]  F. M. Peeters,et al.  Graphene: A perfect nanoballoon , 2008, 0810.4056.

[26]  Priscilla Kailian Ang,et al.  Solution-gated epitaxial graphene as pH sensor. , 2008, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[27]  Tim O. Wehling,et al.  First-principles studies of water adsorption on graphene: The role of the substrate , 2008, 0809.2894.

[28]  Klaus Kern,et al.  Atomic hole doping of graphene. , 2008, Nano letters.

[29]  Yann-Michel Niquet,et al.  Charge transport in chemically doped 2D graphene. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[30]  A. M. van der Zande,et al.  Impermeable atomic membranes from graphene sheets. , 2008, Nano letters.

[31]  F. M. Peeters,et al.  Adsorption of H 2 O , N H 3 , CO, N O 2 , and NO on graphene: A first-principles study , 2007, 0710.1757.

[32]  K. Novoselov,et al.  Molecular doping of graphene. , 2007, Nano letters.

[33]  K. Novoselov,et al.  Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene. , 2006, Nature materials.

[34]  M. Shim,et al.  pH-dependent electron-transport properties of carbon nanotubes. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[35]  P. Kim,et al.  Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry's phase in graphene , 2005, Nature.

[36]  A. Geim,et al.  Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene , 2005, Nature.

[37]  S. Ingebrandt,et al.  Backside contacted field effect transistor array for extracellular signal recording. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[38]  A. Offenhäusser,et al.  Field-effect transistor array for monitoring electrical activity from mammalian neurons in culture. , 1997, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[39]  K. Müllen,et al.  Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. , 2008, Nano letters.