Experimental Characterization of Acoustic Liners with Extended Reaction

Suppressing of jet engine noise by inlet and exhaust duct liners and internal combustion engine (ICE) noise by intake and exhaust systems is an important part of developing environmentally acceptable vehicles. The acoustic liner is designed to provide an impedance boundary condition in the engine duct that reduces the propagation of engine noise through the duct. An accurate impedance boundary condition is necessary to optimally suppress the noise at different conditions. The goal of the research presented in this paper is to present a new technique to Educe and characterize the acoustic liner impedance for cases with extended reaction. This technique is depending on comparing both the measured and predicted 2-port transfer matrices. The measurement of the transfer matrix is performed using the two microphone technique, while the prediction of the transfer matrix is obtained assuming plane waves in the inner pipe and outer chamber coupled by a perforated wall impedance. By using a regression process the unknown wall impedance is then educed. The method is applied to investigate the effect of flow on the impedance of so called Micro-perforated panels (MPP). A MPP consists of a panel (here a plate made of Al or steel) with small perforations distributed over its surface. When these perforations are of sub-millimeter size they provide by themselves enough acoustic resistance and low acoustic mass reactance necessary for a wideband absorber.