Site-dependent amplification functions and response spectra in Greece

This work aims to provide frequency-dependent amplification factors according to a site classification system. The criterion adopted for the assignment of site-dependent amplification functions is the average shear wave velocity over the upper 30 m. The data used come from downhole surveys at different sites in Greece. From the total number of the geotechnical boreholes used, four soil classes are delimited, but only two of them are further examined due to lack of adequate data. The use of the amplification functions based on Hellenic data is justified as they result in simulated response spectra which fit reasonably well with those obtained by existing predictive empirical relationships for the Hellenic seismotectonic region.

[1]  Kenneth W. Campbell,et al.  Strong Motion Attenuation Relations: A Ten-Year Perspective , 1985 .

[2]  David M. Boore,et al.  Estimation of ground motion at deep-soil sites in eastern North America , 1991, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[3]  Roger D. Borcherdt,et al.  Estimates of Site-Dependent Response Spectra for Design (Methodology and Justification) , 1994 .

[4]  David M. Boore,et al.  Average body-wave radiation coefficients , 1984 .

[5]  Keiiti Aki,et al.  Simultaneous study of the source, path, and site effects on strong ground motion during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: A preliminary result on pervasive nonlinear site effects , 1991 .

[6]  V. Drnevich,et al.  SHEAR MODULUS AND DAMPING IN SOILS: DESIGN EQUATIONS AND CURVES , 1972 .

[7]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  On the correlation of seismic intensity scales with the peaks of recorded strong ground motion , 1975 .

[8]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  Peak surface strains during strong earthquake motion , 1996 .

[9]  Gail M. Atkinson,et al.  STOCHASTIC PREDICTION OF GROUND MOTION AND SPECTRAL RESPONSE PARAMETERS AT HARD-ROCK SITES IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA , 1987 .

[10]  Steven M. Day,et al.  Control of strong motion by the upper 30 meters , 1996, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[11]  B. C. Papazachos,et al.  Dependence of strong ground motion on magnitude-distance, site geology and macroseismic intensity for shallow earthquakes in Greece: II, horizontal pseudovelocity , 1994 .

[12]  David M. Boore,et al.  Short-period P- and S-wave radiation from large earthquakes: Implications for spectral scaling relations , 1986 .

[13]  J. Brune Tectonic stress and the spectra of seismic shear waves from earthquakes , 1970 .

[14]  Ricardo Dobry,et al.  SITE FACTORS AND SITE CATEGORIES IN SEISMIC CODES: A PERSPECTIVE , 1997 .

[15]  D. Boore Stochastic simulation of high-frequency ground motions based on seismological models of the radiated spectra , 1983 .

[16]  Gail M. Atkinson,et al.  Erratum to “The high-frequency shape of the source spectrum for earthquakes in Eastern and Western Canada” , 1996, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[17]  G. Atkinson,et al.  Ground-motion relations for eastern North America , 1995, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[18]  David M. Boore,et al.  Site amplifications for generic rock sites , 1997, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[19]  Bagher Mohammadioun,et al.  Nonlinear Response of Soils to Horizontal and Vertical Bedrock Earthquake Motion , 1997 .

[20]  H. Bolton Seed,et al.  Relationships of maximum acceleration, maximum velocity, distance from source, and local site conditions for moderately strong earthquakes , 1975 .

[21]  Robert B. Herrmann,et al.  An extension of random vibration theory estimates of strong ground motion to large distances , 1985 .

[22]  W. B. Joyner,et al.  ESTIMATION OF RESPONSE SPECTRA AND PEAK ACCELERATIONS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN EARTHQUAKES: AN INTERIM REPORT PART 2 , 1993 .

[23]  W. B. Joyner,et al.  The effect of Quaternary alluvium on strong ground motion in the Coyote Lake, California, earthquake of 1979 , 1981 .

[24]  Mladen Vucetic,et al.  Cyclic Threshold Shear Strains in Soils , 1994 .

[25]  E. M. Scordilis,et al.  Crustal and upper mantle structure of the Kozani-Grevena area obtained by non-linear inversion of P and S travel times , 1998 .

[26]  Kuo-Liang Wen,et al.  Nonlinear Soil Response a Reality? , 2022 .

[27]  H. Seed Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analyses , 1970 .

[28]  Anastasia Kiratzi,et al.  Estimation of attenuation structure and local earthquake magnitude based on acceleration records in Greece , 1993 .

[29]  J. Drakopoulos,et al.  Preliminary results of an investigation of crustal structure in Southeastern Europe , 1966 .

[30]  Giuseppe Lanzo,et al.  Reduction of Shear Modulus at Small Strains in Simple Shear , 1997 .

[31]  Constantinos Papazachos,et al.  Crustal P- and S-velocity structure of the Serbomacedonian Massif (Northern Greece) obtained by non-linear inversion of traveltimes , 1998 .

[32]  J. Bommer,et al.  PREDICTION OF HORIZONTAL RESPONSE SPECTRA IN EUROPE , 1996 .

[33]  B. Tucker,et al.  Dependence of sediment-filled valley response on input amplitude and valley properties , 1984 .

[34]  W. B. Joyner,et al.  A scaling law for the spectra of large earthquakes , 1984 .

[35]  D. Jongmans,et al.  The 1983 Liege Earthquake: Damage Distribution and Site Effects , 1990 .

[36]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  Distribution of Pseudo Spectral Velocity during the Northridge, California.earthquake of 17 January 1994 , 1997 .

[37]  Robin K. McGuire,et al.  The character of high-frequency strong ground motion , 1981 .

[38]  C. B. Crouse,et al.  Site Response Studies for Purpose of Revising NEHRP Seismic Provisions , 1996 .

[39]  H. Bolton Seed,et al.  Site-dependent spectra for earthquake-resistant design , 1976, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[40]  R. Dobry,et al.  Effect of Soil Plasticity on Cyclic Response , 1991 .

[41]  C. DAVISON,et al.  The Earthquakes in Greece , 1894, Nature.

[42]  Alain Pecker,et al.  Low-frequency transfer of seismic energy by superficial soil deposits and soft rocks , 1984 .

[43]  Robert Tibshirani,et al.  An Introduction to the Bootstrap , 1994 .

[44]  David M. Boore,et al.  Determination of Δσ and κ0 from response spectra of large earthquakes in Greece , 1998, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[45]  P. Hatzidimitriou Attenuation of coda waves in northern Greece , 1993 .

[46]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  A note on distribution of uncorrected peak ground accelerations during the Northridge, California, earthquake of 17 January 1994 , 1994 .

[47]  William T. Holmes,et al.  The 1997 NEHRP Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures , 2000 .

[48]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  Peak velocities and peak surface strains during Northridge, California, earthquake of 17 January 1994 , 1996 .

[49]  Keiiti Aki,et al.  Local Site Effects on Strong Ground Motion , 1988 .

[50]  G. Nolet,et al.  P and S deep velocity structure of the Hellenic area obtained by robust nonlinear inversion of travel times , 1997 .

[51]  M. Trifunac Dependence of Fourier spectrum amplitudes of recorded earthquake accelerations on magnitude, local soil conditions and on depth of sediments , 1989 .

[52]  Peter M. Shearer,et al.  Introduction to Seismology , 2019 .

[53]  H. Bolton Seed,et al.  Ground Motions and Soil Liquefaction During Earthquakes , 1982 .

[54]  Paul G. Richards,et al.  Quantitative Seismology: Theory and Methods , 1980 .

[55]  Keiiti Aki,et al.  Local site effects on weak and strong ground motion , 1993 .

[56]  P. Hatzidimitriou,et al.  S-wave attenuation in the crust in northern Greece , 1995, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[57]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  Fourier amplitude spectra of strong motion acceleration: Extension to high and low frequencies , 1994 .

[58]  David M. Boore Use of seismoscope records to determine ML and peak velocities , 1984 .

[59]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  PSEUDO RELATIVE VELOCITY SPECTRA OF EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION AT HIGH FREQUENCIES , 1995 .

[60]  John G. Anderson,et al.  A MODEL FOR THE SHAPE OF THE FOURIER AMPLITUDE SPECTRUM OF ACCELERATION AT HIGH FREQUENCIES , 1984 .

[61]  Julian J. Bommer,et al.  The attenuation of ground accelerations in Europe , 1991 .

[62]  B. C. Papazachos,et al.  Dependence of strong ground motion on magnitude-distance, site geology and macroseismic intensity for shallow earthquakes in Greece: I, Peak horizontal acceleration, velocity and displacement , 1992 .

[63]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  Northridge, California, earthquake of 1994: density of pipe breaks and surface strains , 1997 .

[64]  Mihailo D. Trifunac,et al.  Nonlinear Soil Response— 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake , 1996 .

[65]  David M. Boore,et al.  Fitting the stochastic ω−2 source model to observed response spectra in western north America: Trade-offs between Δσ and κ , 1992, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[66]  N. A. Haskell,et al.  Crustal Reflection of Plane SH Waves , 1960 .