An atlas of closed nailing of the tibia and femur

Intramedullary nailing types of intramedullary nail indications for closed nailing closed nailing of the femur and closed nailing of the tibia distal cross screw insertion nailing of proximal fractures nailing of distal fractures nailing of comminuted fractures nailing of segmental fractures nailing of open fractures management of non-unions management of mal-unions postoperative management screw removal and dynamization pathological fractures exchange nailing conversion or external fixation to intramedullary nailing nail removal reconstruction nails compartment syndromes infection other complications.