Design and synthesis of heterogeneous azeotropic distillations—I. Heterogeneous phase diagrams

A simple procedure is presented for calculating liquid—liquid—vapor phase equilibria for a restricted class of systems commonly encountered in heterogeneous azeotropic distillation. The principal restriction of the method is that the maximum number of equilibrium liquid phases allowed is two. The structure and properties of heterogeneous azeotropic phase diagrams are discussed, thus providing a foundation for the distillation studies in Part II.

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