Axillary recurrence after sentinel node biopsy

SummaryBackground: Sentinel lymph node biopsy seems to be a promising new method for determining axillary status in breast cancer. The method helps to reduce morbidity, and an increased number of micrometastases are detected in the sentinel nodes by which patients with a less favourable outcome are identified. However, no long-term follow-up data is available. Methods: Data from 1567 breast cancer patients treated at nine institutions in Austria were collected in a centrally reviewed database. Included in this study were 383 patients with a negative sentinel node biopsy who were treated without axillary dissection. The median follow-up was 19.5 months. Results: Sentinel node biopsy was performed using blue dye (21.2 %), radiocolloid (24 %) or the combination of both methods (54.8 %). Two axillary recurrences were observed. Both patients developed distant disease synchronously or metachronously. Primary tumours of both patients showed high nuclear grading and negative hormone receptor status. Tumour size at primary diagnosis was 12 mm and 22 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The current results of sentinel node biopsy seem to confirm the accuracy of the method. There are only sporadic reports in the literature on axillary recurrence after sentinel node biopsy. The risk of treatment failure after sentinel node biopsy can only be determined after the completion of prospective randomized trials. Therefore, sentinel node biopsy should be performed within therapeutic concepts with quality control.ZusammenfassungGrundlagen: Die Wächterlymphknotenbiopsie stellt eine neue hoffnungsvolle Methode in der Therapie der Axilla beim Mammakarzinom dar. Die Vorteile der Methode sind eine geringere Morbidität und die höhere Detektion von Mikrometastasen, wodurch Patienten mit möglicherweise schlechterer Prognose identifiziert werden. Bis jetzt fehlen jedoch Langzeitergebnisse. Methodik: Die Daten von 1 567 Brustkrebspatientinnen, die an 9 Abteilungen Österreichs behandelt wurden, wurden in einer Datenbank zusammengefaßt. 383 Patientinnen hatten einen tumorfreien Wächterlymphknoten und es wurde auf eine Axilladissektion verzichtet. Das mediane Follow-up betrug 19,5 Monate. Ergebnisse: Zur Wächterlymphknotenbiopsie wurde die Blaumethode (21,2 %), die Radiokolloidmethode (24 %), oder die Kombination aus beiden (54,8 %) verwendet. Zwei axilläre Rezidive wurden beobachtet. Bei beiden Patientinnen traten Fernmetastasen synchron oder in weiterer Folge auf. Die Primärtumore beider Patientinnen hatten niedrigen Differenzierungsgrad und negative Hormonrezeptoren. Die Tumorgrößen waren 12 mm und 22 mm. Schlußfolgerungen: Die derzeitigen Ergebnisse scheinen die Genauigkeit der Methode zu beweisen. Nur einzelne Berichte über axilläre Rezidive nach Wächterlymphknotenbiopsie wurden bis jetzt publiziert. Das wirkliche Risiko einer falsch negativen Wächterlymphknotenbiopsie kann erst nach Abschluß prospektiver Studien beantwortet werden. Deshalb sollte die Wächterlymphknotenbiopsie nur unter qualitätskontrollierten Bedingungen durchgeführt werden.

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