Scanning Laser Tomography of the Living Human Eye

Many problems in ophthalmology deal with the three-dimensional structure of various parts of the living human eye. A complete confocal laser scanning microscope for diagnosis of eye disorders and first clinical results are described. Geometric measurements of the cornea and topographic measurements of the retinal substructures are presented. In addition, laser scanning tomography can be used to assess quantitatively the morphometry of the retina of the human eye. The confocal imaging mode of the laser tomographic scanner (LTS) is applied to evaluate the thickness of the nerve fiber layer. The contrast of nerve fiber layer images can be enhanced by polarization-dependent imaging modes, such as Fourier ellipsometry (FE) and differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging. To improve the depth resolution, an active-optical focusing system is employed.

[1]  F. Berg.  VERGLEICHENDE MESSUNGEN DER FORM DER VORDEREN HORNHAUTFLÄCHE MIT OPHTHALMOMETER UND MIT PHOTOGRAPHISCHER METHODE , 1929 .

[2]  Noah Bareket,et al.  Configuring an electrostatic membrane mirror by least-squares fitting with analytically derived influence functions , 1986 .

[3]  R. Weinreb,et al.  Active optical depth resolution improvement of the laser tomographic scanner. , 1989, Applied optics.

[4]  R. Massof,et al.  Morphologic changes in the lamina cribrosa correlated with neural loss in open-angle glaucoma. , 1983, American journal of ophthalmology.

[5]  M Intaglietta,et al.  Confocal laser tomographic analysis of the retina in eyes with macular hole formation and other focal macular diseases. , 1989, American journal of ophthalmology.

[6]  Barry R. Masters.  Scanning Microscope For Optically Sectioning The Living Cornea , 1989, Other Conferences.

[7]  C. Sheppard,et al.  Theory and practice of scanning optical microscopy , 1984 .

[8]  R. Azzam,et al.  Photopolarimetric measurement of the Mueller matrix by Fourier analysis of a single detected signal. , 1978, Optics letters.

[9]  Roelof W. Wijnaendts-van-Resandt,et al.  Application Of Confocal Beam Scanning Microscopy To The Measurement Of Submicron Structures , 1987, Other Conferences.

[10]  S D Klyce,et al.  Computer-assisted corneal topography. High-resolution graphic presentation and analysis of keratoscopy. , 1984, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[11]  Fritz Merkle,et al.  Development of an active optical mirror for astronomical applications , 1981 .

[12]  J. Wyant,et al.  Multiple-wavelength phase-shifting interferometry. , 1985, Applied optics.

[13]  F. Campbell,et al.  Optical quality of the human eye , 1966, The Journal of physiology.

[14]  H. Dwight Cavanagh,et al.  In Vivo Confocal Imaging Of The Eye Using Tandem Scanning Confocal Microscopy (TSCM): , 1989, Other Conferences.

[15]  B. Howland,et al.  A subjective method for the measurement of monochromatic aberrations of the eye. , 1977, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[16]  G . Zinser,et al.  Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy For Ophthalmology , 1989, Other Conferences.

[17]  G Zinser,et al.  Reproducibility of topographic measurements of the optic nerve head with laser tomographic scanning. , 1989, Ophthalmology.

[18]  H G Trier,et al.  Computer-aided ultrasonic measurements of the corneal thickness. , 1984, Ophthalmic research.

[19]  Christine A. Curcio,et al.  A whole mount method for sequential analysis of photoreceptor and ganglion cell topography in a single retina , 1987, Vision Research.

[20]  Robert H. Webb,et al.  Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[21]  J C Wyant,et al.  Evaluation of large aberrations using a lateral-shear interferometer having variable shear. , 1975, Applied optics.

[22]  Emil Wolf,et al.  Principles of Optics: Contents , 1999 .

[23]  B. Holden,et al.  Corneal thickness profiles in rabbits using an ultrasonic pachometer. , 1983, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[24]  T BEHRENDT,et al.  RELIABILITY OF IMAGE SIZE MEASUREMENTS IN THE NEW ZEISS FUNDUS CAMERA. , 1965, American journal of ophthalmology.

[25]  T. Kawara,et al.  Corneal topography using moiré contour fringes. , 1979, Applied optics.