Individuals and Learning: The New Aptitudes

or, in other terms, adapting educational environments to individual differences. I shall focus on the education of the young child in the pre-school and elementary school years, although what I have to say seems applicable to all levels of our educational system. The problem obviously has been a persistent one; it has been recognized and proclaimed at least since the beginning of this century, three generations ago. Very early in the century, Edward L. Thorndike (1911) published a monograph entitled "Individuality." His editor's introduction summarizes the then

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