Introduction: The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) - multidisciplinary, multiscale and multicomponent research and capacity-building initiative

Abstract. The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) is a multidisciplinary, multiscale and multicomponent research, research infrastructure and capacity-building program. PEEX has originated from a bottom-up approach by the science communities and is aiming at resolving the major uncertainties in Earth system science and global sustainability issues concerning the Arctic and boreal pan-Eurasian regions, as well as China. The vision of PEEX is to solve interlinked, global grand challenges influencing human well-being and societies in northern Eurasia and China. Such challenges include climate change; air quality; biodiversity loss; urbanization; chemicalization; food and freshwater availability; energy production; and use of natural resources by mining, industry, energy production and transport sectors. Our approach is integrative and supra-disciplinary, recognizing the important role of the Arctic and boreal ecosystems in the Earth system. The PEEX vision includes establishing and maintaining long-term, coherent and coordinated research activities as well as continuous, comprehensive research and educational infrastructure and related capacity-building across the PEEX domain. In this paper we present the PEEX structure and summarize its motivation, objectives and future outlook.

[1]  Jessica Blunden,et al.  State of the climate in 2013 , 2014 .

[2]  Antonio J. Busalacchi,et al.  Addressing the Complexity of the Earth System , 2010 .

[3]  E. A. Kort,et al.  Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960 , 2013, Science.

[4]  Huadong,et al.  Earth Observations in China and the World: History and Development in 50 Years , 2013 .

[5]  Markus Reichstein,et al.  Recent shift in Eurasian boreal forest greening response may be associated with warmer and drier summers , 2014 .

[6]  C. Field,et al.  Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability - Part B: regional aspects - Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2014 .

[7]  J. Houghton,et al.  Climate Change 2013 - The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2014 .

[8]  D. Marsan,et al.  Interactive comment on “ Advances in understanding and parameterization of small-scale physical processes in the marine Arctic climate system : a review , 2022 .

[9]  A. Shvidenko,et al.  Introduction: Regional Features of Siberia , 2013 .

[10]  I. Riipinen,et al.  Direct Observations of Atmospheric Aerosol Nucleation , 2013, Science.

[11]  P. Hari,et al.  Conceptual design of a measurement network of the global change , 2015 .

[12]  P. Reich,et al.  Geographic range predicts photosynthetic and growth response to warming in co-occurring tree species , 2015 .

[13]  V. G. Bondur,et al.  Modern approaches to processing large hyperspectral and multispectral aerospace data flows , 2014, Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics.

[14]  P. Ciais,et al.  Net carbon dioxide losses of northern ecosystems in response to autumn warming , 2008, Nature.

[15]  N. KeviNNoo ADDRESSING THE COMPLEXITY OF THE EARTH SYSTEM by C arlos N obre , Guy P. brasseur , Melvy N a. sha P iro , Mya NN a lahse N , Gilbert bru N et , , 2010 .

[16]  V. Bondur Satellite monitoring of wildfires during the anomalous heat wave of 2010 in Russia , 2011 .

[17]  C. N. Hewitt,et al.  Biogenic volatile organic compounds in the Earth system. , 2009, The New phytologist.

[18]  A. Ding,et al.  Intense atmospheric pollution modifies weather: a case of mixed biomass burning with fossil fuel combustion pollution in eastern China , 2013 .

[19]  Jerry M. Melillo,et al.  Soil Warming and Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks to the Climate System , 2002, Science.

[20]  A. Arneth Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system: from past to future , 2011 .

[21]  A. Ding,et al.  Ozone and fine particle in the western Yangtze River Delta: an overview of 1 yr data at the SORPES station , 2013 .

[22]  M. Kulmala,et al.  Megacities – Refining Models to Client Environment , 2015 .

[23]  T. Vihma,et al.  Recent advances in understanding the Arctic climate system state and change from a sea ice perspective: a review , 2014 .

[24]  P. Hari,et al.  Korhonen co 2-induced terrestrial climate feedback mechanism : From carbon sink to aerosol source and back , 2014 .

[25]  A. Arneth,et al.  Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system , 2010 .

[26]  R. B. Jackson,et al.  A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests , 2011, Science.

[27]  Steven J. Phillips,et al.  Shifts in Arctic vegetation and associated feedbacks under climate change , 2013 .

[28]  K. Carslaw,et al.  Boreal forests, aerosols and the impacts on clouds and climate , 2008, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[29]  Howard E. Epstein,et al.  Recent dynamics of arctic and sub-arctic vegetation , 2013 .

[30]  Tuomas Laurila,et al.  On measurements of aerosol particles and greenhouse gases in Siberia and future research needs , 2011 .

[31]  Jacqueline de Chazal,et al.  Climate change 2007 : impacts, adaptation and vulnerability : Working Group II contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2014 .

[32]  K. Schaefer,et al.  The impact of the permafrost carbon feedback on global climate , 2014 .

[33]  Yang Zhang,et al.  Online coupled regional meteorology chemistry models in Europe: current status and prospects , 2013 .

[34]  Erik Swietlicki,et al.  Warming-induced increase in aerosol number concentration likely to moderate climate change , 2013 .

[35]  J. Canadell,et al.  Soil organic carbon pools in the northern circumpolar permafrost region , 2009 .

[36]  J. Edmonds,et al.  Near-term acceleration in the rate of temperature change , 2015 .

[37]  Huadong Guo,et al.  PAN EURASIAN EXPERIMENT (PEEX) - A RESEARCH INITIATIVE MEETING THE GRAND CHALLENGES OF THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF THE NORTHERN PAN-EURASIAN ARCTIC-BOREAL AREAS , 2014 .

[38]  Piers M. Forster,et al.  The direct and indirect radiative effects of biogenic secondary organic aerosol , 2013 .

[39]  Richard A Kerr Climate change. Ice-free Arctic sea may be years, not decades, away. , 2012, Science.

[40]  M. Heimann,et al.  Terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics and climate feedbacks , 2008, Nature.

[41]  A. McGuire,et al.  The impacts of recent permafrost thaw on land–atmosphere greenhouse gas exchange , 2014 .

[42]  E. Tuittila,et al.  Peatlands in the Earth's 21st century climate system , 2011 .

[43]  Shamil Maksyutov,et al.  Terrestrial Ecosystems and Their Change , 2013 .

[44]  A.J.H. Visschedijk,et al.  General overview: European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality interactions (EUCAARI) - integrating aerosol research from nano to global scales , 2011 .