Internet of things: a survey of challenges and issues

Internet of things (IoT) is the promising and future internet. The IoT is a network of connected sensors, actuators, and everyday objects that are used in various domains, such as healthcare, airports, and military. As it connects everything around us to the internet, the IoT poses a number of severe challenges and issues as compared to the conventional internet. Currently, there are massive studies on the IoT, these studies mostly cover IoT vision, enabling technologies, applications, or services. So far, a limited number of surveys point out comprehensively the challenges and issues of the IoT which considered unique to this future internet and which must be faced and tackled by different research communities. In this paper, well-known IoT challenges and issues (e.g., reliable cooperation, standards, protocols, operational, data, and software) have been surveyed alongside many directions. Furthermore, the paper also raises awareness of work being achieved across a number of research communities to help whoever decided to approach this hot discipline in order to contribute to its development.

[1]  Nalini Venkatasubramanian,et al.  Privacy protecting data collection in media spaces , 2004, MULTIMEDIA '04.

[2]  Xun Wang,et al.  Sensor Network Configuration Under Physical Attacks , 2005, ICCNMC.

[3]  Hannes Tschofenig,et al.  Securing the Internet of Things: A Standardization Perspective , 2014, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[4]  Kamlesh Gupta,et al.  Security issues in wireless sensor networks , 2010 .

[5]  Gregory D. Hager,et al.  Systems Computing Challenges in the Internet of Things , 2016, ArXiv.

[6]  Matthias Kovatsch,et al.  Industry adoption of the Internet of Things: A constrained application protocol survey , 2012, Proceedings of 2012 IEEE 17th International Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA 2012).

[7]  Jaydip Sen,et al.  Internet of Things - Applications and Challenges in Technology and Standardization , 2011 .

[8]  Jörg Daubert,et al.  A view on privacy & trust in IoT , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW).

[9]  Frank Leymann,et al.  Software service engineering: Tenets and challenges , 2009, 2009 ICSE Workshop on Principles of Engineering Service Oriented Systems.

[10]  Jorge Sá Silva,et al.  GINSENG: Performance Control in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010, 2010 7th Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor, Mesh and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks (SECON).

[11]  Deniz Erdogmus,et al.  The Future of Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems , 2013, Computer.

[12]  Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues,et al.  Performance evaluation of RESTful web services and AMQP protocol , 2013, 2013 Fifth International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks (ICUFN).

[13]  Konstantinos Kotis,et al.  Semantic Interoperability on the Web of Things: The Semantic Smart Gateway Framework , 2012, 2012 Sixth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems.

[14]  Frank T. Johnsen,et al.  Evaluation of transport protocols for web services , 2013, 2013 Military Communications and Information Systems Conference.

[15]  Guang-Zhong Yang,et al.  A Deep Learning Approach to on-Node Sensor Data Analytics for Mobile or Wearable Devices , 2017, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics.

[16]  Ying Yang.  Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks：A Survey , 2012 .

[17]  Arijit Mukherjee,et al.  ANGELS for distributed analytics in IoT , 2014, 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT).

[18]  Joan Feigenbaum,et al.  Decentralized trust management , 1996, Proceedings 1996 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.

[19]  Gilles Grimaud,et al.  Smews: Smart and Mobile Embedded Web Server , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems.

[20]  Guiran Chang,et al.  TRM-IoT: A trust management model based on fuzzy reputation for internet of things , 2011, Comput. Sci. Inf. Syst..

[21]  Jean-Marie Bonnin,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: a survey on recent developments and potential synergies , 2013, The Journal of Supercomputing.

[22]  Christoph Lenzen,et al.  Optimal clock synchronization in networks , 2009, SenSys '09.

[23]  Antonio Iera,et al.  The Internet of Things: A survey , 2010, Comput. Networks.

[24]  Hyeonwoo Kim,et al.  Correlation analysis of MQTT loss and delay according to QoS level , 2013, The International Conference on Information Networking 2013 (ICOIN).

[25]  Vicente Pelechano,et al.  Article in Press Pervasive and Mobile Computing ( ) – Pervasive and Mobile Computing towards the Model Driven Development of Context-aware Pervasive Systems , 2022 .

[26]  Michael Weber,et al.  Find my stuff: a search engine for everyday objects , 2012, MUM.

[27]  Eddie Kohler,et al.  Harbor: software-based memory protection for sensor nodes , 2007, IPSN '07.

[28]  Zach Shelby,et al.  Constrained RESTful Environments (CoRE) Link Format , 2012, RFC.

[29]  Sunny Consolvo,et al.  Lullaby: a capture & access system for understanding the sleep environment , 2012, UbiComp.

[30]  Paolo Bellavista,et al.  Convergence of MANET and WSN in IoT Urban Scenarios , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[31]  Luigi Logrippo,et al.  Platform for privacy preferences (P3P): Current status and future directions , 2012, 2012 Tenth Annual International Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust.

[32]  Luming Tan,et al.  Future internet: The Internet of Things , 2010, 2010 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering(ICACTE).

[33]  Sirajum Munir,et al.  Cyber Physical System Challenges for Human-in-the-Loop Control , 2013, Feedback Computing.

[34]  Wolfgang Kastner,et al.  Dependability demands and state of the art in the internet of things , 2015, 2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA).

[35]  Selo Sulistyo.  Software Development Methods in the Internet of Things , 2013, ICT-EurAsia.

[36]  Author.  Platforms for the Internet of Things – An Analysis of Existing Solutions , 2013 .

[37]  John A. Stankovic,et al.  Research Directions for the Internet of Things , 2014, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[38]  Eleri Cardozo,et al.  A Resource-Oriented Architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT) , 2016 .

[39]  Adrian Perrig,et al.  Security and Privacy in Sensor Networks , 2003, Computer.

[40]  Saša Radomirović,et al.  Towards a Model for Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things , 2010 .

[41]  Peter Saint-Andre.  Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Core , 2011, RFC.

[42]  Carles Gomez,et al.  Wireless home automation networks: A survey of architectures and technologies , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[43]  Jaap-Henk Hoepman,et al.  The Privacy Coach: Supporting customer privacy in the Internet of Things , 2010, IOT 2010.

[44]  Hiroshi Ishii,et al.  Threat Models and Security Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2010 .

[45]  Hugo Krawczyk,et al.  HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication , 1997, RFC.

[46]  Artem Katasonov,et al.  Smart Semantic Middleware for the Internet of Things , 2008, ICINCO-ICSO.

[47]  Yosuke Ishii,et al.  Identifying and verifying clock synchronization protocol parameters , 2011, IoTSP '11.

[48]  Xiaoping Ma,et al.  Performance evaluation of MQTT and CoAP via a common middleware , 2014, 2014 IEEE Ninth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP).

[49]  Cecilia Mascolo,et al.  Contextual dissonance: design bias in sensor-based experience sampling methods , 2013, UbiComp.

[50]  Ebraheim Alsaadi,et al.  Internet of Things : Features , Challenges , and Vulnerabilities Authors , 2015 .

[51]  Marimuthu Palaniswami,et al.  Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions , 2012, Future Gener. Comput. Syst..

[52]  Xinyu Song,et al.  Modeling Impulsive Injections of Insulin: Towards Artificial Pancreas , 2012, SIAM J. Appl. Math..

[53]  Jorge Sá Silva,et al.  A Survey on Human-in-the-Loop Applications Towards an Internet of All , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[54]  Srinivasan Seshan,et al.  IrisNet: An Architecture for a Worldwide Sensor Web , 2003, IEEE Pervasive Comput..

[55]  Sheng Huang,et al.  TSAaaS: Time Series Analytics as a Service on IoT , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Web Services.

[56]  Takuro Yonezawa,et al.  Monitoring dependability of city-scale IoT using D-case , 2014, 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT).

[57]  Rodrigo Roman,et al.  Securing the Internet of Things , 2017, Smart Cards, Tokens, Security and Applications, 2nd Ed..

[58]  Carsten Bormann,et al.  CoAP: An Application Protocol for Billions of Tiny Internet Nodes , 2012, IEEE Internet Computing.

[59]  Gennaro Boggia,et al.  Standardized Protocol Stack for the Internet of (Important) Things , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[60]  Kay Römer,et al.  No Dependability, No Internet of Things , 2014 .

[61]  Roy Fielding,et al.  Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures"; Doctoral dissertation , 2000 .

[62]  Thomas Engel,et al.  Bluetooth Low Energy: An alternative technology for VANET applications , 2014, 2014 11th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS).

[63]  O. Saeed,et al.  Towards Internet of Things: Survey and Future Vision , 2013 .

[64]  David L. Mills,et al.  Internet time synchronization: the network time protocol , 1991, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[65]  Tao Wan,et al.  Software development methods: SOA vs. CBD, OO and AOP , 2007 .

[66]  M. A. Ansari,et al.  A Survey: Soft Computing in Intelligent Information Retrieval Systems , 2012, 2012 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications.

[67]  Ari Juels,et al.  RFID security and privacy: a research survey , 2006, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[68]  Junwei Lv,et al.  A new clock synchronization architecture of network for Internet of Things , 2011, International Conference on Information Science and Technology.

[69]  Damien Cassou,et al.  Toward a Tool-Based Development Methodology for Pervasive Computing Applications , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[70]  Djamel Tandjaoui,et al.  Internet of Things: Concept, Building blocks, Applications and Challenges , 2014, ArXiv.

[71]  Carl E. Landwehr,et al.  Basic concepts and taxonomy of dependable and secure computing , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing.

[72]  Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy,et al.  Computational Intelligence in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2011, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[73]  Mikko Tapani Karaiste.  Delete: The virtue of forgetting in the digital age , 2010 .

[74]  Björn Butzin,et al.  Microservices approach for the internet of things , 2016, 2016 IEEE 21st International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA).

[75]  Giancarlo Fortino,et al.  Agent-oriented modeling and simulation of IoT networks , 2016, 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS).

[76]  Kai Zhao,et al.  A Survey on the Internet of Things Security , 2013, 2013 Ninth International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security.

[77]  James H. Aylor,et al.  Computer for the 21st Century , 1999, Computer.

[78]  Gabriel Montenegro,et al.  IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPANs): Overview, Assumptions, Problem Statement, and Goals , 2007, RFC.

[79]  Antonio F. Gómez-Skarmeta,et al.  Light-Weight Multicast DNS and DNS-SD (lmDNS-SD): IPv6-Based Resource and Service Discovery for the Web of Things , 2012, 2012 Sixth International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing.

[80]  Shruti Patil,et al.  A Survey of the Internet of Things , 2016 .

[81]  Laurence T. Yang,et al.  Data Mining for Internet of Things: A Survey , 2014, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[82]  Ken Sakamura,et al.  Challenges in the age of ubiquitous computing: a case study of T-Engine, an open development platform for embedded systems , 2006, ICSE.

[83]  Jesus Alonso-Zarate,et al.  A Survey on Application Layer Protocols for the Internet of Things , 2015 .

[84]  Qusay Idrees Sarhan,et al.  Security Attacks and Countermeasures for Wireless Sensor Networks: Survey , 2013 .

[85]  Ing-Ray Chen,et al.  Trust management for the internet of things and its application to service composition , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM).

[86]  Wu He,et al.  Internet of Things in Industries: A Survey , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[87]  J. Pokorny,et al.  Web searching and information retrieval , 2004, Computing in Science & Engineering.

[88]  John A. Stankovic,et al.  Human in the loop: distributed data streams for immersive cyber-physical systems , 2008, SIGBED.

[89]  Vinny Cahill,et al.  Requirements for an ubiquitous computing simulation and emulation environment , 2006, InterSense '06.

[90]  Song Guo,et al.  The Web of Things: A Survey (Invited Paper) , 2011, J. Commun..

[91]  Mohsen Guizani,et al.  Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications , 2015, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[92]  Aboubaker Lasebae,et al.  Security analysis of the constrained application protocol in the Internet of Things , 2013, Second International Conference on Future Generation Communication Technologies (FGCT 2013).

[93]  Hong Linh Truong,et al.  MQTT-S — A publish/subscribe protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2008, 2008 3rd International Conference on Communication Systems Software and Middleware and Workshops (COMSWARE '08).

[94]  Ravi S. Sandhu,et al.  Role-Based Access Control Models , 1996, Computer.

[95]  Evangelos N. Gazis,et al.  Short Paper: IoT: Challenges, projects, architectures , 2015, 2015 18th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks.

[96]  Imrich Chlamtac,et al.  Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges , 2012, Ad Hoc Networks.

[97]  Komal Shringare,et al.  Apache Hadoop Goes Realtime at Facebook , 2015 .

[98]  Jie Liu,et al.  SenseWeb: Browsing the Physical World in Real Time (Demo Abstract) , 2006 .

[99]  Vladimir Oleshchuk,et al.  Internet of things and privacy preserving technologies , 2009, 2009 1st International Conference on Wireless Communication, Vehicular Technology, Information Theory and Aerospace & Electronic Systems Technology.

[100]  João Carlos Giacomin,et al.  DynMAC: A resistant MAC protocol to coexistence in wireless sensor networks , 2015, Comput. Networks.

[101]  Luiz Affonso Guedes,et al.  A dependability evaluation for Internet of Things incorporating redundancy aspects , 2014, Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control.

[102]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  Internet of Things for Smart Cities , 2014, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.