Sensors and Actuators: Control System Instrumentation

CONTROL, INSTRUMENTATION, AND DESIGN Introduction Control Engineering Control System Architectures Organization of the Book Problems COMPONENT INTERCONNECTION AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING Component Interconnection Impedance Characteristics Amplifiers Analog Filters Modulators and Demodulators Analog-Digital Conversion Sample-and-Hold Circuitry Multiplexers Digital Filters Bridge Circuits Linearizing Devices Miscellaneous Signal-Modification Circuitry Signal Analyzers and Display Devices Problems PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION AND ANALYSIS Parameters for Performance Specification Time-Domain Specifications Frequency-Domain Specifications Linearity Instrument Ratings Bandwidth Design Aliasing Distortion due to Signal Sampling Bandwidth Design of a Control System Instrument Error Analysis Statistical Process Control Problems ANALOG SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS Terminology Potentiometer Variable-Inductance Transducers Permanent-Magnet Transducers Variable-Capacitance Transducers Piezoelectric Sensors Effort Sensors Strain Gages Torque Sensors Tactile Sensing Gyroscopic Sensors Optical Sensors and Lasers Ultrasonic Sensors Thermofluid Sensors Other Types of Sensors Problems DIGITAL TRANSDUCERS Advantages of Digital Transducers Shaft Encoders Incremental Optical Encoders Absolute Optical Encoders Encoder Error Miscellaneous Digital Transducers Problems STEPPER MOTORS Principle of Operation Stepper Motor Classification Driver and Controller Torque Motion Characteristics Damping of Stepper Motors Stepping Motor Models Control of Stepper Motors Stepper Motor Selection and Applications Problems CONTINUOUS-DRIVE ACTUATORS DC Motors DC Motor Equations Control of DC Motors Motor Driver DC Motor Selection Induction Motors Induction Motor Control Synchronous Motors Linear Actuators Hydraulic Actuators Hydraulic Control Systems Fluidics Problems MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION COMPONENTS Mechanical Components Transmission Components Lead Screw and Nut Harmonic Drives Continuously Variable Transmission Problems BIBLIOGRAPHY AND FURTHER READING ANSWERS TO NUMERICAL PROBLEMS INDEX