Energy efficiency of base station cooperation using amplify-and-forward relay protocol

Since 80% of energy is consumed in radio access side, advanced deployment strategies such as amplify-and-forward (AF)relay networks were presented to provide special diversity for future mobile communication systems. In this paper, BS cooperation scheme is proposed using AF relay protocol for relatively smaller cells than conventional networks. Here, performance of the proposed scheme outperforms both direct transmission and relay cooperative protocols in such a way that, it consumes lower transmission energy than AF for both source and relay nodes. Furthermore, impacts of distance dependent path loss and log-normal shadowing on the performance of proposed scheme are examined and compared to the available schemes such as AF relay networks. Finally, advantages of using fixed and optimal power allocation for base station cooperation schemes are examined and compared to AF relay cooperative networks. It was observed that BS cooperation scheme results in almost 67.64% reduction in μjoules/bit, for both uplink and downlink modes at the worst case. Hence, less power will be consumed to combat fast variations in channel conditions such as log-normal shadowing effect.

[1]  Mazen O. Hasna,et al.  End-to-end performance of transmission systems with relays over Rayleigh-fading channels , 2003, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[2]  Muhammad Ali Imran,et al.  How much energy is needed to run a wireless network? , 2011, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[3]  Aria Nosratinia,et al.  Cooperative communication in wireless networks , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[4]  Raviraj S. Adve,et al.  Non-Coherent Code Acquisition in the Multiple Transmit/Multiple Receive Antenna Aided Single- and Multi-Carrier DS-CDMA Downlink , 2007 .

[5]  Lian Zhao,et al.  Power Allocation for Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Transmission Over Rayleigh-Fading Channels , 2008, J. Commun..

[6]  Wessam Ajib,et al.  Performance Analysis of Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Networks with Relay Selection over Rayleigh Fading Channels , 2009, VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference.

[7]  Mounir Ghogho,et al.  Performance analysis of dual-hop variable gain relay networks over Generalized-K fading channels , 2010, 2010 IEEE 11th International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC).

[8]  Raviraj S. Adve,et al.  Improving amplify-and-forward relay networks: optimal power allocation versus selection , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[9]  Gerhard Fettweis,et al.  Energy Efficiency Aspects of Base Station Deployment Strategies for Cellular Networks , 2009, 2009 IEEE 70th Vehicular Technology Conference Fall.

[10]  Ju Liu,et al.  Inter-cell relaying and base station cooperation in cellular uplink systems , 2010, 2010 5th International ICST Conference on Communications and Networking in China.

[11]  Hyundong Shin,et al.  MRC Analysis of Cooperative Diversity with Fixed-Gain Relays in Nakagami-m Fading Channels , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[12]  L. Vuokko,et al.  Why is Shadow Fading Lognormal , 2005 .

[13]  Xing Zhang,et al.  Performance of Amplify-and-Forward MIMO Relay Channels with Transmit Antenna Selection and Maximal-Ratio Combining , 2009, 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.

[14]  Elza Erkip,et al.  Diversity in relaying protocols with amplify and forward , 2003, GLOBECOM '03. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37489).

[15]  Biljana Badic,et al.  Energy Efficient Radio Access Architectures for Green Radio: Large versus Small Cell Size Deployment , 2009, 2009 IEEE 70th Vehicular Technology Conference Fall.

[16]  Branimir R. Vojcic,et al.  Performance of Amplify-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward Relaying in Rayleigh Fading with Turbo Codes , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings.

[17]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  Energy-efficient antenna sharing and relaying for wireless networks , 2000, 2000 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.00TH8540).

[18]  Gregory W. Wornell,et al.  An efficient protocol for realizing cooperative diversity in wireless networks , 2001, Proceedings. 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37252).