Recent Applications of Neural Networks for Spatial Data Handling

RESUMEDans cet article, l'auteur fait une revue complete des dernieres etudes sur les applications des reseaux neuronaux pour le traitement des donnees spatiales. L'etat d'avancement des recherches jusqu'a ce jour montrent la superiorite des reseaux neuronaux par rapport aux methodes statistiques classiques pour la classification des donnees de teledetection, en raison de leur insensibilite inherente aux defaillances. L'integration de reseaux neuronaux dans les SIC (systemes d'information geographique) a permis d'ameliorer notablement la capacite de modelisation des SIG. Le goulot d'etranglement qui entrave les methodes statistiques et cartographiques classiques, comme la determination de la ponderation, la selection des fonctions de sommation et l'incapacite de traiter des donnees brouillees ou manquantes, ont ete resolus par l'intermediaire du processus d'apprentissage dans un reseau neuronal artificiel. Le processus intensif d'acquisition des connaissances, dans la mise au point de systemes experts a b...

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