ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF COURTYARDS—A REVIEW AND COMPARISON OF RESIDENTIAL COURTYARD BUILDINGS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATES

Purpose—This paper tries to clarify the environmental impacts of a traditional building form which was developed more than 5000 years ago, under the force of harsh hot climates: courtyard building....

[1]  F. Soflaee,et al.  Environmental sustainable Iranian traditional architecture in hot-humid regions , 2006 .

[2]  I. Gilead,et al.  The Vernacular and the Environment Towards a Comprehensive Research Methodology , 2004 .

[3]  Shahin Heidari,et al.  Thermal comfort in Iranian courtyard housing , 2000 .

[4]  Kaizer Talib,et al.  SHELTER IN SAUDI ARABIA , 1982 .

[5]  Yair Etzion The Thermal Behaviour of Non-Shaded Closed Courtyards in Hot-Arid Zones [1] , 2011 .

[6]  Leslie Martín,et al.  Urban Space and Structures , 1972 .

[7]  Bernard Rudofsky,et al.  Architecture without architects : a short introduction to non-pedigreed architecture , 1970 .

[8]  E. Khetrish,et al.  Thermal analysis of the architecture of old and new houses at Ghadames , 1985 .

[9]  Amr Bagneid,et al.  The Creation of a Courtyard Microclimate Thermal Model for the Analysis of Courtyard Houses , 2009 .

[10]  N. Nakicenovic,et al.  Climate change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Summary for Policymakers. , 2007 .

[11]  M. Fry,et al.  Tropical architecture in the dry and humid zones , 1956 .

[12]  Baruch Givoni,et al.  Urban design for hot humid regions , 1994 .

[13]  Francis Miguet,et al.  A daylight simulation tool for urban and architectural spaces—application to transmitted direct and diffuse light through glazing , 2002 .

[14]  J. Abu-lughod Migrant Adjustment to City Life: The Egyptian Case , 1961, American Journal of Sociology.

[15]  Arthur H. Rosenfeld,et al.  Summer heat islands, urban trees, and white surfaces , 1990 .

[16]  Hassan Fathy Natural energy and vernacular architecture , 1986 .

[17]  J. Scartezzini,et al.  Daylight factor prediction in atria building designs , 2004 .

[18]  Pushpam Kumar Agriculture (Chapter8) in IPCC, 2007: Climate change 2007: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007 .

[19]  Paul Oliver,et al.  Dwellings: The House Across the World , 1987 .

[20]  Haji Hassan Masjuki,et al.  An application of energy and exergy analysis in residential sector of Malaysia , 2007 .

[21]  R. Cole The effect of the surfaces enclosing atria on the daylight in adjacent spaces , 1990 .

[22]  N. Dalkılıç,et al.  The influence of climate and privacy on indigenous courtyard houses in Diyarbakir, Turkey , 2011 .

[23]  J. Abu-lughod Migrant adjustment to city life: the Egyptian case. , 1964 .

[24]  Edna Shaviv,et al.  Design guidelines for appropriate insolation of urban squares , 2006 .

[25]  Makihiko Tsujihara,et al.  PROPOSAL OF EVALUATION METHOD OF THERMAL ENVIRONMENT INSIDE SEMI-OUTDOOR SPACE IN CITY FROM VIEWPOINT OF GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCE , 1999 .

[26]  S. Svendsen,et al.  Residential and commercial buildings , 2012 .

[27]  Norbert Schoenauer,et al.  The court-garden house , 1962 .

[28]  C. Salmon Architectural Design for Tropical Regions , 1999 .

[29]  N. Dalkılıç,et al.  The influence of climate and privacy on indigenous courtyard houses in Diyarbakır, Turkey , 2012 .

[30]  George T. Scanlon,et al.  Fusṭāṭ Expedition: Preliminary Report, 1966 , 1973 .

[31]  Ahmadreza Foruzanmehr,et al.  Vernacular architecture: questions of comfort and practicability , 2011 .

[32]  Panagiota Karava,et al.  Validation of computational fluid dynamics simulations for atria geometries , 2011 .

[33]  C. K. Chan,et al.  Numerical simulation of the spread of smoke in an atrium under fire scenario , 2009 .

[34]  Chungyoon Chun,et al.  Thermal comfort in transitional spaces—basic concepts: literature review and trial measurement , 2004 .

[35]  Abdelsalam Aldawoud,et al.  Thermal performance of courtyard buildings , 2008 .

[36]  Khalid Abu Al-Saud,et al.  The effect of a ventilated interior courtyard on the thermal performance of a house in a hot–arid region , 2001 .

[37]  G. Z. Brown,et al.  Sun, Wind and Light: Architectural Design Strategies , 1985 .

[38]  George T. Scanlon Preliminary Report: Excavations at Fustat, 1964 , 1965 .

[39]  A. Rapoport House form and culture , 1970 .

[40]  Mehdi Shokouhian,et al.  Environmental effect of courtyard in sustainable architecture of Iran (Cold regions) (Case study: courtyard houses in Tabriz) , 2007 .

[41]  A. Petruccioli The courtyard house: typological variations over space and time , 2004 .

[42]  Mehdi N. Bahadori,et al.  Passive cooling effects of courtyards , 2005 .

[43]  André Potvin,et al.  Assessing the Microclimate of Urban Transitional Spaces , 2000 .

[44]  Mehdi N. Bahadori,et al.  Passive Cooling Systems in Iranian Architecture , 1978, Renewable Energy.

[45]  Mira Mezini,et al.  Pi: a Pattern Language , 2009, OOPSLA.

[46]  V. Ismet Ugursal,et al.  Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector: A review of modeling techniques , 2009 .

[47]  Nibedita Das Courtyards houses of Kolkata: bioclimatic, typological and socio-cultural study , 2006 .

[48]  Jan Carmeliet,et al.  The influence of courtyard geometry on air flow and thermal comfort: CFD and thermal comfort simulations , 2005 .

[49]  Paul Oliver,et al.  Atlas of vernacular architecture of the world , 2007 .

[50]  Norman Pressman,et al.  Cities designed for winter , 1988 .