Maize growth and yield under daytime and nighttime solid-set sprinkler irrigation

Nighttime sprinkler irrigation usually results in lower wind drift and evaporation losses (WDELs) and better irrigation uniformity compared with daytime irrigation. However, daytime sprinkler irrigation modifi es the microclimatic conditions within the crop canopy which could result in improved crop growth. We studied the eff ect of daytime and nighttime irrigation on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) irrigated with a solid-set sprinkler system. Two irrigation treatments were tested: daytime irrigation (starting at 1000 Greenwich Mean Time, GMT) and nighttime irrigation (starting at 2200 GMT). Th e same irrigation amount was applied in both treatments. Th e irrigation amount was determined as the diff erence between the crop evapotranspiration (ET c ) and the eff ective precipitation. Th e WDELs of daytime irrigation were twice the nighttime irrigation WDELs. Daytime irrigation decreased the mean Christiansen coeffi cient of uniformity (CU) by 5 to 7% and the seasonal CU by 4%. Daytime irrigation caused a 10% reduction in maize grain yield, mostly due to a reduction in biomass production. Th e lower soil matric potential found with daytime irrigation late in the season indicated that a progressive water stress occurred that was due to less water availability and was caused by the higher WDEL for daytime irrigation. Even though positive microclimatic changes have been reported with daytime sprinkler irrigation, the results of our study indicate that they cannot compensate the negative eff ects caused for the crop by less water reaching the soil root zone because of increased WDEL and by poorer irrigation uniformity.

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