TreEAT trial: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of early introduction of tree nuts for the prevention of tree nut allergy in infants with peanut allergy

Children with peanut allergy are at increased risk of developing tree nut allergies, which can be severe and for most lifelong. Introduction of peanut in the first year of life can reduce the risk of peanut allergy; however, prevention strategies for tree nut allergies have not been established. We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of a novel strategy, a supervised multi‐nut oral food challenge (OFC) compared with standard care for tree nut allergy prevention in infants at high risk of developing tree nut allergy, TreEAT.

[1]  Joanne M. Smart,et al.  Tree nut introduction in infants with peanut and/or egg allergy. , 2022, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice.

[2]  A. Galloway.  Protocol , 2006, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[3]  S. Sicherer,et al.  Tree nut introduction in a peanut‐allergic child: To eat, to screen, or to avoid? , 2021, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[4]  A. Muraro,et al.  EAACI guideline: Preventing the development of food allergy in infants and young children (2020 update) , 2021, Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.

[5]  M. Lester.  Earlier Ingestion of Peanut After Changes to Infant Feeding Guidelines: The EarlyNuts Study , 2020 .

[6]  D. Fleischer,et al.  A Consensus Approach to the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy Through Nutrition: Guidance from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology; and the Canadian Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. , 2020, The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice.

[7]  A. Ponsonby,et al.  Community-based adverse food reactions and anaphylaxis in children with IgE-mediated food allergy at age 6 years: a population-based study. , 2020, The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice.

[8]  A. Ponsonby,et al.  No cashew allergy in infants introduced to cashew by age 1 year. , 2020, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[9]  K. Perrett,et al.  Prevalence and natural history of tree nut allergy. , 2020, Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.

[10]  A. Singer,et al.  Comparison of practice patterns among Canadian allergists before and after NIAID guideline recommendations. , 2019, The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice.

[11]  Paul A. Harris,et al.  The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners , 2019, J. Biomed. Informatics.

[12]  A. Burks,et al.  The Consortium for Food Allergy Research (CoFAR): The first generation. , 2019, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[13]  A. Ponsonby,et al.  Patterns of tree nut sensitization and allergy in the first 6 years of life in a population‐based cohort , 2019, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[14]  K. Nadeau,et al.  The Public Health Impact of Parent-Reported Childhood Food Allergies in the United States , 2018, Pediatrics.

[15]  S. Sawyer,et al.  Self‐reported adverse food reactions and anaphylaxis in the SchoolNuts study: A population‐based study of adolescents , 2017, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[16]  G. Patton,et al.  Prevalence of clinic‐defined food allergy in early adolescence: The SchoolNuts study , 2018, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[17]  G. Lack,et al.  Managing Nut Allergy: A Remaining Clinical Challenge. , 2017, The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice.

[18]  A. Togias,et al.  Addendum guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy in the United States: Report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases–sponsored expert panel , 2017, Journal of pediatric nursing.

[19]  M. Trivella,et al.  Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction to the Infant Diet and Risk of Allergic or Autoimmune Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. , 2016, JAMA.

[20]  R. Mullins,et al.  Increases in anaphylaxis fatalities in Australia from 1997 to 2013 , 2016, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[21]  G. Lack,et al.  Basophil activation test: food challenge in a test tube or specialist research tool? , 2016, Clinical and Translational Allergy.

[22]  A. Muraro,et al.  Nutritional behavior and attitudes in food allergic children and their mothers , 2013, Clinical and Translational Allergy.

[23]  Kirsten Beyer,et al.  Standardizing double-blind, placebo-controlled oral food challenges: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology-European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology PRACTALL consensus report. , 2012, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[24]  P. Harris,et al.  Research electronic data capture (REDCap) - A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support , 2009, J. Biomed. Informatics.

[25]  R. Wood,et al.  The natural history of tree nut allergy. , 2005, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[26]  J. Ring,et al.  Clinical validation and guidelines for the SCORAD index: consensus report of the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis. , 1997, Dermatology.