Optimizing selective cutting strategies for maximum carbon stocks and yield of Moso bamboo forest using BIOME-BGC model.

The selective cutting method currently used in Moso bamboo forests has resulted in a reduction of stand productivity and carbon sequestration capacity. Given the time and labor expense involved in addressing this problem manually, simulation using an ecosystem model is the most suitable approach. The BIOME-BGC model was improved to suit managed Moso bamboo forests, which was adapted to include age structure, specific ecological processes and management measures of Moso bamboo forest. A field selective cutting experiment was done in nine plots with three cutting intensities (high-intensity, moderate-intensity and low-intensity) during 2010-2013, and biomass of these plots was measured for model validation. Then four selective cutting scenarios were simulated by the improved BIOME-BGC model to optimize the selective cutting timings, intervals, retained ages and intensities. The improved model matched the observed aboveground carbon density and yield of different plots, with a range of relative error from 9.83% to 15.74%. The results of different selective cutting scenarios suggested that the optimal selective cutting measure should be cutting 30% culms of age 6, 80% culms of age 7, and all culms thereafter (above age 8) in winter every other year. The vegetation carbon density and harvested carbon density of this selective cutting method can increase by 74.63% and 21.5%, respectively, compared with the current selective cutting measure. The optimized selective cutting measure developed in this study can significantly promote carbon density, yield, and carbon sink capacity in Moso bamboo forests.

[1]  T. Vesala,et al.  Reduction of ecosystem productivity and respiration during the European summer 2003 climate anomaly: a joint flux tower, remote sensing and modelling analysis , 2007 .

[2]  Markus Reichstein,et al.  Analyzing the causes and spatial pattern of the European 2003 carbon flux anomaly using seven models , 2007 .

[3]  Peter E. Thornton,et al.  Parameterization and Sensitivity Analysis of the BIOME–BGC Terrestrial Ecosystem Model: Net Primary Production Controls , 2000 .

[4]  D. Pury,et al.  Simple scaling of photosynthesis from leaves to canopies without the errors of big‐leaf models , 1997 .

[5]  S. Goetz,et al.  Estimated carbon dioxide emissions from tropical deforestation improved by carbon-density maps , 2012 .

[6]  T. Vesala,et al.  Deriving a light use efficiency model from eddy covariance flux data for predicting daily gross primary production across biomes , 2007 .

[7]  Lufeng Mo,et al.  Development of the BIOME-BGC model for the simulation of managed Moso bamboo forest ecosystems. , 2016, Journal of environmental management.

[8]  Weiliang Fan,et al.  Spatial heterogeneity and carbon contribution of aboveground biomass of moso bamboo by using geostatistical theory , 2010, Plant Ecology.

[9]  Guomo Zhou,et al.  Long-term intensive management effects on soil organic carbon pools and chemical composition in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forests in subtropical China , 2013 .

[10]  Galina Churkina,et al.  Partitioning direct and indirect human‐induced effects on carbon sequestration of managed coniferous forests using model simulations and forest inventories , 2005 .

[11]  N Oreskes,et al.  Verification, Validation, and Confirmation of Numerical Models in the Earth Sciences , 1994, Science.

[12]  John F. B. Mitchell,et al.  The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment , 2010, Nature.

[13]  L. Gratani,et al.  Growth pattern and photosynthetic activity of different bamboo species growing in the Botanical Garden of Rome , 2008 .

[14]  Zhou Guo-m.  Effects of different management models on carbon storage in Phyllostachys pubescens forests. , 2006 .

[15]  Timo Karjalainen,et al.  Carbon inventory methods and carbon mitigation potentials of forests in Europe: a short review of recent progress , 2007, European Journal of Forest Research.

[16]  R. B. Jackson,et al.  A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests , 2011, Science.

[17]  P. Thornton,et al.  Ecosystem model spin-up: Estimating steady state conditions in a coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycle model , 2005 .

[18]  Michael G. Ryan,et al.  A simple method for estimating gross carbon budgets for vegetation in forest ecosystems. , 1991, Tree physiology.

[19]  Trevor H. Booth,et al.  Changes of carbon stocks in bamboo stands in China during 100 years , 2009 .

[20]  Lufeng Mo,et al.  Current and potential carbon stocks in Moso bamboo forests in China. , 2015, Journal of environmental management.

[21]  S. Rose,et al.  Global forest carbon sequestration and climate policy design , 2011, Environment and Development Economics.

[22]  S. Running,et al.  8 – Generalization of a Forest Ecosystem Process Model for Other Biomes, BIOME-BGC, and an Application for Global-Scale Models , 1993 .

[23]  K. Macdicken,et al.  Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015: how are the world's forests changing? , 2015 .

[24]  Guomo Zhou,et al.  Review of Carbon Fixation in Bamboo Forests in China , 2011, The Botanical Review.

[25]  Erkki Tomppo,et al.  A report to the food and agriculture organization of the united nations (FAO) in support of sampling study for National Forestry Resources Monitoring and Assessment (NAFORMA) in Tanzania , 2010 .

[26]  A. Susaeta,et al.  Sustainability of forest management under changing climatic conditions in the southern United States: adaptation strategies, economic rents and carbon sequestration. , 2014, Journal of environmental management.

[27]  Du Manyi,et al.  Effect of different managements on carbon storage and carbon allocation in Moso bamboo forest (Phyllostachys pubescen). , 2012 .

[28]  Emil Cienciala,et al.  Application of BIOME-BGC model to managed forests: 1. Sensitivity analysis , 2006 .

[29]  Joou-Shian Lee,et al.  Comparing aboveground carbon sequestration between moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) and China fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests based on the allometric model , 2011 .

[30]  I. E. Woodrow,et al.  Enzymatic Regulation of Photosynthetic CO2, Fixation in C3 Plants , 1988 .

[31]  N. H. Ravindranath,et al.  Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry: A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2000 .

[32]  Y. Isagi,et al.  Net production and carbon cycling in a bamboo Phyllostachys pubescens stand , 1997, Plant Ecology.

[33]  Richard Petritsch,et al.  Incorporating forest growth response to thinning within biome-BGC , 2007 .

[34]  F. Woodward,et al.  Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to CO2 and climate change: results from six dynamic global vegetation models , 2001 .

[35]  J. Berry,et al.  A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species , 1980, Planta.

[36]  Peter E. Thornton,et al.  Modeling and measuring the effects of disturbance history and climate on carbon and water budgets in evergreen needleleaf forests , 2002 .