Resolving Interference: The Role of the Human Hippocampus in Pattern Separation

The process of establishing sparse, orthogonalized memory representations, or pattern separation, allows a memory system to overcome interference between similar stimuli. Here, we review the literature on interference theory and the predictions of computational models of medial temporal lobe functioning regarding interference. Tests with rodent models supports the models’ prediction that the medial temporal lobe, and specifically the hippocampus, supports pattern separation processes that allow the organism to overcome interference in event-based memories. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, studies with patients with hippocampal damage, and studies of aging populations all support a role of the hippocampus in overcoming interference through pattern separation in this domain in humans. Finally, we review some promising studies that indicate ways in which pattern separation mechanisms may be improved in humans.

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