Shifted excitation resonance Raman difference spectroscopy system suitable for the quantitative in vivo detection of carotenoids in human skin

A system for shifted excitation resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRDS) suitable for the application in medical practice for the in vivo detection of carotenoids in human skin is presented. This system comprises a miniaturized (150 mm × 27 mm × 12 mm) handheld probe and a wavelength-tunable diode laser-based 488 nm SHG light source. The diode laser provides two closely spaced excitation wavelengths. In parallel with the resonance excitation of carotenoids in the skin, SERRDS separates the fluorescence background from the Raman peaks. Inhomogeneities of human skin are averaged by the applied spot diameter of 3 mm. The implemented optics are designed for a detection of carotenoids over the whole excitation spot area. The system was calibrated using skin phantoms, resulting in a detection limit of 0.03 nmol g−1 (beta-carotene per gram of skin/tissue) which is more than one order of magnitude below the average beta-carotene concentration in human skin.

[1]  D I McLean,et al.  Rapid near-infrared Raman spectroscopy system for real-time in vivo skin measurements. , 2001, Optics letters.

[2]  Maxim E. Darvin,et al.  The Role of Carotenoids in Human Skin , 2011, Molecules.

[3]  Mohamed Abdelkader,et al.  Sequentially Shifted Excitation Raman Spectroscopy: Novel Algorithm and Instrumentation for Fluorescence-Free Raman Spectroscopy in Spectral Space , 2013, Applied spectroscopy.

[4]  Fritz S. Allen,et al.  Automated Fluorescence Rejection Using Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy , 2002 .

[5]  Maxim E. Darvin,et al.  Noninvasive Detection of beta-Carotene and Lycopene in Human Skin using Raman Spectroscopy , 2004 .

[6]  Heinz-Detlef Kronfeldt,et al.  Microsystem Light Source at 488 nm for Shifted Excitation Resonance Raman Difference Spectroscopy , 2009, Applied spectroscopy.

[7]  S. Lieberman,et al.  Fluorescence Rejection in Raman Spectroscopy by Shifted-Spectra, Edge Detection, and FFT Filtering Techniques , 1995 .

[8]  Sora Jung,et al.  Spectroscopic biofeedback on cutaneous carotenoids as part of a prevention program could be effective to raise health awareness in adolescents , 2014, Journal of biophotonics.

[9]  K. König,et al.  Two-color Raman spectroscopy for the simultaneous detection of chemotherapeutics and antioxidative status of human skin , 2011 .

[10]  T. Someya,et al.  Photorefractive multiple quantum wells at 1064 nm. , 2001, Optics letters.

[11]  Sora Jung,et al.  Influence of Chemotherapy on the Antioxidant Status of Human Skin. , 2016, Anticancer research.

[12]  P. Bernstein,et al.  Macular pigment Raman detector for clinical applications. , 2004, Journal of biomedical optics.

[13]  J. Lademann,et al.  Determination of beta carotene and lycopene concentrations in human skin using resonance Raman spectroscopy , 2005 .

[14]  Richard A. Mathies,et al.  Effective Rejection of Fluorescence Interference in Raman Spectroscopy Using a Shifted Excitation Difference Technique , 1992 .

[15]  Geon-Hee Kim,et al.  Spectrally encoded common-path fiber-optic-based parallel optical coherence tomography. , 2016, Optics letters.

[16]  J B Lee,et al.  Vitamin A in human skin: II Concentrations of carotene, retinol and dehydroretinol in various components of normal skin. , 1982, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[17]  Maxim E. Darvin,et al.  Non-invasive in vivo determination of the carotenoids beta-carotene and lycopene concentrations in the human skin using the Raman spectroscopic method , 2005 .

[18]  Alexander Sahm,et al.  Second-harmonic-generation microsystem light source at 488 nm for Raman spectroscopy. , 2009, Optics letters.

[19]  Jürgen Lademann,et al.  Non-Invasive Spectroscopic Determination of the Antioxidative Status of Gravidae and Neonates , 2015, Skin Pharmacology and Physiology.

[20]  Hideo Tashiro,et al.  Micro-optical fiber probe for use in an intravascular Raman endoscope. , 2005, Applied optics.

[21]  M. Myrick,et al.  Determination of Physical Properties of Reaction-Injection-Molded Polyurethanes by NIR-FT-Raman Spectroscopy , 1990 .

[22]  G. Brennan,et al.  Thermosetting Polyurethane Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Composites , 2007 .

[23]  Jürgen Lademann,et al.  Determination of the antioxidative capacity of the skin in vivo using resonance Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy , 2011, Experimental dermatology.

[24]  M. C. Hutley,et al.  On the Dependence of Vibrational Raman Intensity on the Wavelength of Incident Light , 1971 .

[25]  Bernd Eppich,et al.  Compact Handheld Probe for Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy with Implemented Dual-Wavelength Diode Laser at 785 Nanometers , 2015, Applied spectroscopy.

[26]  Eliana Cordero,et al.  Evaluation of Shifted Excitation Raman Difference Spectroscopy and Comparison to Computational Background Correction Methods Applied to Biochemical Raman Spectra , 2017, Sensors.

[27]  Bernd Eppich,et al.  Design and Realization of a Miniaturized DFB Diode Laser-Based SHG Light Source With a 2-nm Tunable Emission at 488 nm , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology.

[28]  Martina C Meinke,et al.  Optical methods for noninvasive determination of carotenoids in human and animal skin , 2013, Journal of biomedical optics.

[29]  Heidi J. Wengreen,et al.  The effect of social norms messaging regarding skin carotenoid concentrations among college students , 2017, Appetite.

[30]  H Vollert,et al.  Influence of dietary carotenoids on radical scavenging capacity of the skin and skin lipids. , 2013, European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V.

[31]  Michael L. Wach,et al.  In vivo determination of the molecular composition of artery wall by intravascular Raman spectroscopy. , 2000, Analytical chemistry.

[32]  T. Doetschman,et al.  Delayed Wound Healing in Immunodeficient TGF-β1 Knockout Mice , 2000 .

[33]  Brian C. Wilson,et al.  Study of Fiber-Optic Probes for in vivo Medical Raman Spectroscopy , 1999 .