Consistency of genome‐based methods in measuring Metazoan evolution

Seven distinct genome‐wide divergence measures were applied pairwise to the nine sequenced animal genomes of human, mouse, rat, chicken, pufferfish, fruit fly, mosquito, and two nematode worms (Caenorhabditis briggsae and Caenorhabditis elegans). Qualitatively, all of these divergence measures are found to correlate with the estimated time since speciation; however, marked deviations are observed in a few lineages. The distinct genome divergence measures also correlate well among themselves, indicating that most of the processes shaping genomes are dominated by neutral events. The deviations from the clock‐like scenario in some lineages are observed consistently by several measures, implicitly confirming their reliability.

[1]  H. Kishino,et al.  Time flies, a new molecular time-scale for brachyceran fly evolution without a clock. , 2003, Systematic biology.

[2]  J. Mallatt,et al.  Testing the new animal phylogeny: first use of combined large-subunit and small-subunit rRNA gene sequences to classify the protostomes. , 2002, Molecular biology and evolution.

[3]  Colin N. Dewey,et al.  Sequence and comparative analysis of the chicken genome provide unique perspectives on vertebrate evolution , 2004, Nature.

[4]  L. Bromham,et al.  Explosive radiations and the reliability of molecular clocks: island endemic radiations as a test case. , 2004, Systematic biology.

[5]  L. Pauling,et al.  Molecules as documents of evolutionary history. , 1965, Journal of theoretical biology.

[6]  Peer Bork,et al.  Comparative Genome and Proteome Analysis of Anopheles gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster , 2002, Science.

[7]  L. Bromham,et al.  Sociality and the rate of molecular evolution. , 2005, Molecular biology and evolution.

[8]  N. M. Brooke,et al.  A molecular timescale for vertebrate evolution , 1998, Nature.

[9]  Damian Smedley,et al.  Ensembl 2005 , 2004, Nucleic Acids Res..

[10]  T. Ohta Very slightly deleterious mutations and the molecular clock , 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[11]  Patrick Aloy,et al.  Systematic searches for molecular synapomorphies in model metazoan genomes give some support for Ecdysozoa after accounting for the idiosyncrasies of Caenorhabditis elegans , 2004, Evolution & development.

[12]  B. Snel,et al.  Genome phylogeny based on gene content , 1999, Nature Genetics.

[13]  J. Powell,et al.  Extreme rates and heterogeneity in insect DNA evolution , 1990, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[14]  Effrey,et al.  Divergence Time and Evolutionary Rate Estimation with Multilocus Data , 2002 .

[15]  D. Penny,et al.  The modern molecular clock , 2003, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[16]  M. Lynch,et al.  The Origins of Genome Complexity , 2003, Science.

[17]  Mikhail S. Gelfand,et al.  Genome-Wide Molecular Clock and Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bacterial Evolution , 2004, Journal of bacteriology.

[18]  M. Waterman,et al.  Comparative biosequence metrics , 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[19]  D. Graur,et al.  Reading the entrails of chickens: molecular timescales of evolution and the illusion of precision. , 2004, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[20]  B. Snel,et al.  SHOT: a web server for the construction of genome phylogenies. , 2002, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[21]  P. Bork,et al.  Measuring genome evolution. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[22]  Johannes Müller,et al.  Molecular timescales and the fossil record: a paleontological perspective. , 2004, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[23]  Yves Van de Peer,et al.  The European database on small subunit ribosomal RNA , 2002, Nucleic Acids Res..

[24]  R. Raff,et al.  Evidence for a clade of nematodes, arthropods and other moulting animals , 1997, Nature.

[25]  W. Fitch,et al.  Protein evolution and the molecular clock. , 1976, Federation proceedings.

[26]  K. Peterson,et al.  Animal phylogeny and the ancestry of bilaterians: inferences from morphology and 18S rDNA gene sequences , 2001, Evolution & development.

[27]  Sudhir Kumar,et al.  Precision of molecular time estimates. , 2004, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[28]  J. Thompson,et al.  CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.

[29]  Michael T. Clegg,et al.  Relative rates of nucleotide substitution at the rbcl locus of monocotyledonous plants , 1992, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[30]  W. Wheeler,et al.  Triploblastic relationships with emphasis on the acoelomates and the position of Gnathostomulida, Cycliophora, Plathelminthes, and Chaetognatha: a combined approach of 18S rDNA sequences and morphology. , 2000, Systematic biology.

[31]  R. Durbin,et al.  The Genome Sequence of Caenorhabditis briggsae: A Platform for Comparative Genomics , 2003, PLoS biology.

[32]  M. Miles,et al.  An insect molecular clock dates the origin of the insects and accords with palaeontological and biogeographic landmarks. , 2002, Molecular biology and evolution.

[33]  Charles H. Langley,et al.  An examination of the constancy of the rate of molecular evolution , 2005, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[34]  Ferran Casals,et al.  How malleable is the eukaryotic genome? Extreme rate of chromosomal rearrangement in the genus Drosophila. , 2001, Genome research.

[35]  R. Raff,et al.  Molecular phylogeny of the animal kingdom. , 1988, Science.

[36]  R. Doolittle,et al.  Determining Divergence Times of the Major Kingdoms of Living Organisms with a Protein Clock , 1996, Science.

[37]  Peer Bork,et al.  SMART 4.0: towards genomic data integration , 2004, Nucleic Acids Res..

[38]  Wei Qian,et al.  Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. , 2000, Molecular biology and evolution.

[39]  Lindell Bromham,et al.  Molecular Clocks and Explosive Radiations , 2003, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[40]  E. Triphosphat,et al.  FEBS Letters , 1987, FEBS Letters.

[41]  D. Tautz,et al.  An episodic change of rDNA nucleotide substitution rate has occurred during the emergence of the insect order Diptera. , 1997, Molecular biology and evolution.

[42]  M. Kimura,et al.  Selective constraint in protein polymorphism: study of the effectively neutral mutation model by using an improved pseudosampling method. , 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[43]  R. Shields Pushing the envelope on molecular dating. , 2004, Trends in genetics : TIG.

[44]  Ohta Tomoko Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in mammalian genes and the nearly neutral theory , 2004, Journal of Molecular Evolution.

[45]  S. Blair Hedges,et al.  The origin and evolution of model organisms , 2002, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[46]  E. Koonin,et al.  Coelomata and not Ecdysozoa: evidence from genome-wide phylogenetic analysis. , 2003, Genome research.

[47]  S. Carroll,et al.  Genome-scale approaches to resolving incongruence in molecular phylogenies , 2003, Nature.

[48]  Jodie J. Yin,et al.  A comprehensive evolutionary classification of proteins encoded in complete eukaryotic genomes , 2004, Genome Biology.

[49]  Eugene V Koonin,et al.  A Non-Adaptationist Perspective on Evolution of Genomic Complexity or the Continued Dethroning of Man , 2004, Cell cycle.

[50]  G. Glazko,et al.  Molecular dating: ape bones agree with chicken entrails. , 2005, Trends in genetics : TIG.