Heavy metals in rice samples on the Torbat-Heidarieh market, Iran

ABSTRACT Levels of the heavy metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) were determined in rice samples imported from India and Pakistan and marketed in Torbat-Heidarieh, Iran. To assess the safety of dietary intake of these metals by rice, the estimated weekly intake (EWI) was calculated and compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The results indicated that mean values for Pb and cadmium in imported rice were considerably higher than the safe limit as set by FAO/WHO. EWI for cadmium and As among the consumed types of imported rice was lower than the PTWI. The results also revealed that the weekly intake of Pb was higher than the maximum weekly intake recommended by WHO/FAO.

[1]  M. Pirsaheb,et al.  Essential and toxic heavy metals in cereals and agricultural products marketed in Kermanshah, Iran, and human health risk assessment , 2016, Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance.

[2]  B. Batista,et al.  Toxic and essential elements in Nigerian rice and estimation of dietary intake through rice consumption , 2015, Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance.

[3]  M. Islam,et al.  Dietary intake of trace elements from highly consumed cultured fish (Labeo rohita, Pangasius pangasius and Oreochromis mossambicus) and human health risk implications in Bangladesh. , 2015, Chemosphere.

[4]  M. Naseri,et al.  Concentration of some heavy metals in rice types available in Shiraz market and human health risk assessment. , 2015, Food chemistry.

[5]  Saifullah,et al.  Heavy Metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) Contamination of Soils, Plants and Watersin Madina Town of Faisalabad Metropolitan and Preparation of Gis BasedMaps , 2015 .

[6]  F. Iqbal,et al.  Pollution Status of Pakistan: A Retrospective Review on Heavy Metal Contamination of Water, Soil, and Vegetables , 2014, BioMed research international.

[7]  V. Dressler,et al.  Toxic and micronutrient elements in organic, brown and polished rice in Brazil , 2014, Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance.

[8]  B. Yogesh,et al.  Evaluation of heavy metals contamination and its genotoxicity in agricultural soil of Amritsar, Punjab, India. , 2014 .

[9]  L. Azadbakht,et al.  Heavy metal distribution frequency in Iranian and imported rice varieties marketed in central Iran, Yazd, 2012 , 2013 .

[10]  Hossein Ali Yousefi Rizi,et al.  Health problems from radiation of high-voltage facilities , 2013 .

[11]  Prosun Bhattacharya,et al.  Arsenic in the human food chain: the Latin American perspective. , 2012, The Science of the total environment.

[12]  F. Barbosa,et al.  Determination of Essential (Ca, Fe, I, K, Mo) and Toxic Elements (Hg, Pb) in Brazilian Rice Grains and Estimation of Reference Daily Intake , 2012 .

[13]  J. Mbabazi,et al.  Principles and Methods for the Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food , 2011 .

[14]  F. Barbosa Jr.,et al.  Survey of 13 trace elements of toxic and nutritional significance in rice from Brazil and exposure assessment , 2010, Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance.

[15]  A. Ghiasvand,et al.  Survey of iron, zinc, calcium, copper, lead, and cadmium in rice samples grown in Iran , 2010, Food additives & contaminants. Part B, Surveillance.

[16]  C. Ke,et al.  Trace elements in two marine fish cultured in fish cages in Fujian province, China. , 2010, Environmental pollution.

[17]  Qinghua Zhang,et al.  High levels of heavy metals in rice (Oryza sativa L.) from a typical E-waste recycling area in southeast China and its potential risk to human health. , 2008, Chemosphere.

[18]  M. Baxter,et al.  Elements in rice from the Swedish market: 1. Cadmium, lead and arsenic (total and inorganic) , 2008, Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment.

[19]  G. J. Khaniki,et al.  Cadmium and Lead Contents in Rice ( Oryza sativa ) in the North of Iran , 2008 .

[20]  M. Soylak,et al.  Trace heavy metal contents of some spices and herbal plants from western Anatolia, Turkey , 2006 .

[21]  S. Nasseri,et al.  CADMIUM REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY GROUND PINE CONE , 2005 .

[22]  Myung Chae Jung,et al.  Baseline Study on Essential and Trace Elements in Polished Rice from South Korea , 2005, Environmental geochemistry and health.

[23]  L. Jorhem.  Determination of metals in foods by atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing: NMKL Collaborative Study. , 2000, Journal of AOAC International.

[24]  S. Kokot,et al.  Elemental content of Vietnamese rice. Part 1. Sampling, analysis and comparison with previous studies. , 1999, The Analyst.

[25]  Arun Sharma.  Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. , 1984, World Health Organization technical report series.