1H-NMR based metabolic profiling of Cordyceps militaris to correlate the development process and anti-cancer effect.

The study of metabolomics in natural products using the diverse analytical instruments including GC-MS, LC-MS, and NMR is useful for the exploration of physiological and biological effects and the investigation of drug discovery and health functional foods. Cordyceps militaris has been very attractive to natural medicine as one of traditional Chinese medicines, due to its various bioactive properties including anti-cancer and anti-oxidant effects. In this study, we analyzed the metabolites profile in 50% ethanol extracts of C. militaris fruit bodies from three development periods (growth period, matured period, and aging period) using 1H-NMR, and identified 44 metabolites, which are classified as 16 amino acids, 10 organic acids, 5 carbohydrates, 3 nucleotide derivatives, and 10 other compounds. Among three development periods of C. militaris fruit body, the aging period showed significantly higher levels of metabolites including cordycepin, mannitol (cordycepic acid), and β-glucan. Interestingly, these bioactive metabolites are positively correlated with anti-tumor growth effect; the extract of aging period showed significant inhibition of HepG2 hepatic cancer cell proliferation. These results showed that the aging period of the developmet of C. militaris fruit bodies was enriched in the contents of bioactive metabolites which were associated with the biological effect of cancer cell growth inhibition.

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