Total Quality Management in Health Care: A View of Current and Potential Research

Compared to its near-decade of influence in manufacturing and in several service sector industries, total quality management (TQM) has only recently been applied to health care. Since the early calls for action by Berwick and others beginning in 1988, and adoption of the quality management paradigm by the Joint Commission for Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO), 58.5 percent of acute care hospitals &dquo;have a TQM/CQI program in place&dquo; (Grayson 1992, 25; Berwick 1988; Carroll 1991; Milakovich 1991; McLaughlin and Kaluzny 1990; Kaluzny, McLaughlin, and Kibbe 1992). Of those hospital chief executive officers who do not have a TQM program in their institution, 78.2 percent plan to start one within the next year (Grayson 1992). Only

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