Early extreme contradictory estimates may appear in published research: the Proteus phenomenon in molecular genetics research and randomized trials.

[1]  G. Gibson,et al.  Microarray Analysis , 2020, Definitions.

[2]  John P A Ioannidis,et al.  Genetic associations: false or true? , 2003, Trends in molecular medicine.

[3]  Ammarin Thakkinstian,et al.  Meta-analyses of molecular association studies: methodologic lessons for genetic epidemiology. , 2003, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[4]  Thomas A Trikalinos,et al.  Genetic associations in large versus small studies: an empirical assessment , 2003, The Lancet.

[5]  E. Lander,et al.  Meta-analysis of genetic association studies supports a contribution of common variants to susceptibility to common disease , 2003, Nature Genetics.

[6]  D Siegmund,et al.  Upward bias in estimation of genetic effects. , 2002, American journal of human genetics.

[7]  Zhongming Zhao,et al.  Neighboring-nucleotide effects on single nucleotide polymorphisms: a study of 2.6 million polymorphisms across the human genome. , 2002, Genome research.

[8]  J. Hirschhorn,et al.  A comprehensive review of genetic association studies , 2002, Genetics in Medicine.

[9]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  Replication validity of genetic association studies , 2001, Nature Genetics.

[10]  V. Vieland The replication requirement , 2001, Nature Genetics.

[11]  M. Daly,et al.  A map of human genome sequence variation containing 1.42 million single nucleotide polymorphisms , 2001, Nature.

[12]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  Evolution of treatment effects over time: empirical insight from recursive cumulative metaanalyses. , 2001, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[13]  A. Palmer,et al.  QUASIREPLICATION AND THE CONTRACT OF ERROR: Lessons from Sex Ratios, Heritabilities and Fluctuating Asymmetry , 2000 .

[14]  A. Palmer,et al.  Detecting Publication Bias in Meta‐analyses: A Case Study of Fluctuating Asymmetry and Sexual Selection , 1999, The American Naturalist.

[15]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  Issues in comparisons between meta-analyses and large trials. , 1998, JAMA.

[16]  J. Ioannidis Effect of the statistical significance of results on the time to completion and publication of randomized efficacy trials. , 1998, JAMA.

[17]  A R Jadad,et al.  The randomized controlled trial gets a middle-aged checkup. , 1998, JAMA.

[18]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  Quantitative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews , 1997, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[19]  Larry V. Hedges,et al.  Estimating Effect Size Under Publication Bias: Small Sample Properties and Robustness of a Random Effects Selection Model , 1996 .

[20]  N Risch,et al.  The Future of Genetic Studies of Complex Human Diseases , 1996, Science.

[21]  J. Burn,et al.  Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and neural tube defects , 1996, The Lancet.

[22]  L. Hedges,et al.  The Handbook of Research Synthesis , 1995 .

[23]  I. Ichikawa,et al.  Role of the deletion of polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene in the progression and therapeutic responsiveness of IgA nephropathy. , 1995, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[24]  M. den Heyer,et al.  Mutated methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase as a risk factor for spina bifida , 1995, The Lancet.

[25]  R. Hanka The Handbook of Research Synthesis , 1994 .

[26]  K. Dickersin,et al.  Publication Bias: The Problem That Won't Go Away , 1993, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[27]  T C Chalmers,et al.  Cumulative meta-analysis of therapeutic trials for myocardial infarction. , 1992, The New England journal of medicine.

[28]  P. Easterbrook,et al.  Publication bias in clinical research , 1991, The Lancet.

[29]  N. Laird,et al.  Meta-analysis in clinical trials. , 1986, Controlled clinical trials.

[30]  R. Rosenthal The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results , 1979 .