What physicians know.

It has become a truism that not only does the United States spend more money on health care than do other industrialized nations, but also a substantial portion of this sum is wasted on unproved or ineffective diagnosis and therapy. Not surprisingly, then, outcomes research -- that is, the rigorous determination of what works in medical care and what does not -- figures prominently in proposals for health care reform. Outcomes research, by informing the content of policy positions, payment rules, and practice guidelines, presumably both solves the problems of quality and cost that beset the health care system and . . .

[1]  L. Brown.  Political evolution of federal health care regulation. , 1992, Health affairs.

[2]  On the nature of the physician's understanding. , 1976, The Journal of medicine and philosophy.

[3]  Relman As,et al.  Assessment and accountability: the third revolution in medical care. , 1988 .

[4]  Hubert L. Dreyfus,et al.  Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer , 1987, IEEE Expert.

[5]  K. Hunter.  "There Was This One Guy . . .": The Uses of Anecdotes in Medicine , 2015, Perspectives in biology and medicine.

[6]  D. R. Gordon.  Clinical Science and Clinical Expertise: Changing Boundaries between Art and Science in Medicine , 1988 .

[7]  P. Caper.  Solving the medical care dilemma. , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

[8]  E. Shaffer,et al.  The American Health Security Act. A single-payer proposal. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[9]  D. Armstrong.  Clinical sense and clinical science. , 1977, Social science & medicine.

[10]  Samuel Gorovitz,et al.  Toward a Theory of Medical Fallibility , 1976 .

[11]  J. Wennberg,et al.  Dealing with medical practice variations: a proposal for action. , 1984, Health affairs.

[12]  A M Epstein,et al.  The outcomes movement--will it get us where we want to go? , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  E. Beresford,et al.  Uncertainty and the shaping of medical decisions. , 1991, The Hastings Center report.

[14]  L. Etheredge,et al.  CLINICAL FREEDOM: TWO LESSONS FOR THE UK FROM US EXPERIENCE WITH PRIVATISATION OF HEALTH CARE , 1989, The Lancet.

[15]  D M Eddy,et al.  Variations in physician practice: the role of uncertainty. , 1984, Health affairs.

[16]  G. W. Grumet.  Health care rationing through inconvenience. The third party's secret weapon. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[17]  M. Field,et al.  Guidelines for Clinical Practice: From Development to Use , 1992 .

[18]  H. Wulff,et al.  Philosophy of Medicine: An Introduction , 1990 .

[19]  B. Gray.  The legislative battle over health services research. , 1992, Health affairs.

[20]  T. Bodenheimer,et al.  Reins or fences: a physician's view of cost containment. , 1990, Health Affairs.