Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia in Swine Associated with Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a chronic respiratory disease. Although the pathogenesis of BOOP is still incompletely understood, BOOP is responsive to steroids and has a good prognosis. In our five pigs with chronic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), typical BOOP lesions were revealed. All five porcine lungs showed typical intraluminal plugs, and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was identified. They also exhibited similar pathologic findings such as proliferation of type II pneumocytes and myofibroblasts (MFBs), extracellular collagen matrix (ECM) deposition, and fragmentation of elastic fibers. MFBs migration correlative molecules, for instance, gelatinase A, B and osteopontin, appeared strongly in the progressing marginal area of polypoid intraluminal plugs of fibrotic lesion. These molecules colocalized with the active MFBs. Both gelatinase activity and intercellular level of active MFBs were significantly increased (P < .05). Porcine chronic bronchopneumonia leads to BOOP and it is associated with PCV2 persistent infection. Swine BOOP demonstrates similar cellular constituents with human BOOP. Perhaps their molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis operate in a similar way. Thus we infer that the swine BOOP can be considered as a potential animal model for human BOOP associated with natural viral infection. Moreover, it is more convenient to obtain samples.

[1]  A. Jestin,et al.  Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and other PCV2-related problems in pigs: a 12-year experience. , 2008, Transboundary and emerging diseases.

[2]  C. Gong,et al.  Activated matrix metalloproteinase and disrupted myocardial collagen matrix in increased sympathetic activity following stimulation of dorsal medulla in the vagotomized feline model. , 2008, The Chinese journal of physiology.

[3]  Adeline Koh,et al.  Osteopontin Expression Is Required for Myofibroblast Differentiation , 2008, Circulation research.

[4]  Hyun-Mi Pyo,et al.  Multiplex real-time RT-PCR for the simultaneous detection and quantification of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus , 2007, Journal of Virological Methods.

[5]  S. Gilpin,et al.  Cell-specific gene expression in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia. , 2006, American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine.

[6]  S. Botts,et al.  Oleic Acid-associated Bronchiolitis Obliterans-organizing Pneumonia in Beagle Dogs , 2006, Veterinary pathology.

[7]  J. Segalés,et al.  Porcine circovirus diseases , 2005, Animal Health Research Reviews.

[8]  C. Mavroudis,et al.  Local delivery of osteopontin attenuates vascular remodeling by altering matrix metalloproteinase-2 in a rabbit model of aortic injury. , 2005, The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery.

[9]  T. Asai,et al.  Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in lung and nasal swab samples from pigs by nested PCR and culture methods. , 2005, The Journal of veterinary medical science.

[10]  J. Segalés,et al.  An exploratory study on risk factors for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Spain. , 2005, Preventive veterinary medicine.

[11]  S. Xiao,et al.  Detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2, Porcine Parvovirus and Porcine Pseudorabies Virus from Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome by Multiplex PCR , 2005, Veterinary Research Communications.

[12]  S. Lai,et al.  Phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus in Taiwan , 2005, Archives of Virology.

[13]  J. Myers,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia as a manifestation of AIDS: case report and literature review. , 2004, The Journal of infection.

[14]  L. Liaw,et al.  Altered bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in osteopontin-deficient mice. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology.

[15]  J. Sung,et al.  Pulmonary pathological features in coronavirus associated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) , 2004, Journal of Clinical Pathology.

[16]  J. Segalés,et al.  Pathological findings associated with naturally acquired porcine circovirus type 2 associated disease. , 2004, Veterinary microbiology.

[17]  E. Eveno,et al.  Risk factors for porcine post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in 149 French farrow-to-finish herds. , 2003, Preventive veterinary medicine.

[18]  Ji Man Kim,et al.  Association of porcine circovirus 2 with porcine respiratory disease complex. , 2003, Veterinary journal.

[19]  R. Harley,et al.  Respiratory reovirus 1/L induction of intraluminal fibrosis, a model of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, is dependent on T lymphocytes. , 2003, The American journal of pathology.

[20]  R. Schulz,et al.  Imbalance Between Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-4 and Matrix Metalloproteinases During Acute Myoctardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury , 2003 .

[21]  K. Kurachi,et al.  Growth factor stimulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression and myoblast migration and invasion in vitro. , 2003, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology.

[22]  Naftali Kaminski,et al.  Gene expression analysis reveals matrilysin as a key regulator of pulmonary fibrosis in mice and humans , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[23]  Zhonglin Xie,et al.  Osteopontin Inhibits Interleukin-1β-stimulated Increases in Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Adult Rat Cardiac Fibroblasts , 2002, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[24]  J. Segalés,et al.  Experimental Inoculation of Conventional Pigs with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Porcine Circovirus 2 , 2002, Journal of Virology.

[25]  C. Chae,et al.  Localization of Swine Influenza Virus in Naturally Infected Pigs , 2002, Veterinary pathology.

[26]  M. Chiou,et al.  Case Report: Identification of Pathogenic Porcine Circovirus in Pigs with Post-Weaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Taiwan , 2001 .

[27]  J. Segalés,et al.  Clinical and pathological observations on pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome , 2001, Veterinary Record.

[28]  P. Halbur,et al.  Experimental Reproduction of Severe Disease in CD/CD Pigs Concurrently Infected with Type 2 Porcine Circovirus and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus , 2001, Veterinary pathology.

[29]  L. A. Pérez de Llano,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans with Organizing Pneumonia Associated with Acute Coxiella burnetii Infection , 2001, Respiration.

[30]  D. Ross,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia: possible association with human herpesvirus-7 infection after lung transplantation. , 2001, Transplantation proceedings.

[31]  Kazuhisa Takahashi,et al.  Role of osteopontin in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. , 2001, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[32]  A. Sarai,et al.  Genetic reclassification of porcine enteroviruses. , 2001, The Journal of general virology.

[33]  A. Ardehali,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia: possible association with human herpes virus-7 infection after lung transplantation. , 2001, The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation.

[34]  J. Ellis,et al.  Activation of the Immune System is the Pivotal Event in the Production of Wasting Disease in Pigs Infected with Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2) , 2001, Veterinary pathology.

[35]  S. Shapiro,et al.  Matrix metalloproteinases in lung biology , 2000, Respiratory research.

[36]  S. Sorden,et al.  Utilization of a Rate Enhancement Hybridization Buffer System for Rapid in Situ Hybridization for the Detection of Porcine Circovirus in Cell Culture and in Tissues of Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome , 2000, Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.

[37]  L. Lamontagne,et al.  Experimental transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in weaned pigs: a sequential study. , 2000, Journal of comparative pathology.

[38]  F. Paulsen,et al.  Orcein-picroindigocarmine--a new multiple stain. , 2000, Archives of histology and cytology.

[39]  Shigeyoshi Itohara,et al.  Matrix metalloproteinase-9 triggers the angiogenic switch during carcinogenesis , 2000, Nature Cell Biology.

[40]  V. Lagente,et al.  Role of gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tissue remodeling following acute lung injury. , 2000, Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas.

[41]  M. Domingo,et al.  Haematological parameters in postweaning multisystemic w syndrome-affeci , 2000, Veterinary Record.

[42]  S. Philippou,et al.  Respiratory syncytial virus-induced chronic bronchiolitis in experimentally infected calves , 2000, Virchows Archiv.

[43]  J. Ellis,et al.  Porcine Circoviruses: A Review , 2000, Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.

[44]  V. Lagente,et al.  Comparative effects of betamethasone, cyclosporin and nedocromil sodium in acute pulmonary inflammation and metalloproteinase activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide. , 1999, Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[45]  M. Liu,et al.  Characterization and quantitation of extracellular collagen matrix in myocardium of pigs with spontaneously occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. , 1999, Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology.

[46]  F. Fend,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with Pneumocystis carinii infection in a liver transplant patient receiving tacrolimus , 1999, Clinical transplantation.

[47]  M. Thrusfield.  Funding veterinary education. , 1998, The Veterinary record.

[48]  E. Albina,et al.  Bladder calculi in dogs and cats. , 1997 .

[49]  J. Llibre,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. , 1997, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

[50]  J. Diehl,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia associated with chlamydial infection. , 1996, The European respiratory journal.

[51]  Mehta Jb,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: a community hospital experience. , 1995 .

[52]  T. Morley,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in an AIDS patient. , 1995, The European respiratory journal.

[53]  S. Yale,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia caused by Plasmodium vivax malaria. , 1993, Chest.

[54]  F. Barbé,et al.  [Bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia]. , 1993, Anales de medicina interna.

[55]  G. Epler.  Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: definition and clinical features. , 1992, Chest.

[56]  L. Dall,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia associated with Cryptococcus neoformans infection. , 1991, Reviews of infectious diseases.

[57]  I. Salmi,et al.  Unilateral bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia in a patient with parainfluenza 3 virus infection. , 1991, Respiratory medicine.

[58]  D. Sherrill,et al.  Changes in lung mechanics and reactivity with age after viral bronchiolitis in beagle puppies. , 1990, Journal of applied physiology.

[59]  T. Magoc,et al.  Spontaneous bronchopneumonia in laboratory dogs infected with untyped Mycoplasma spp. , 1990, Laboratory animal science.

[60]  J. Mehta,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans and Nocardia asteroides infection of the lung. , 1987, Chest.

[61]  R. Albert,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans caused by Legionella pneumophila. , 1985, Chest.

[62]  W. Castleman.  Bronchiolitis obliterans and pneumonia induced in young dogs by experimental adenovirus infection. , 1985, The American journal of pathology.

[63]  P. Herman,et al.  Pathologic patterns of Serratia marcescens pneumonia. , 1982, Human pathology.

[64]  H. Moon,et al.  Multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of pseudorabies virus, porcine cytomegalovirus, and porcine circovirus in pigs. , 2007, Journal of virological methods.

[65]  T. Hirai,et al.  Pulmonary infection of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex with simultaneous organizing pneumonia. , 2006, Internal medicine.

[66]  S. Weiss,et al.  Role of stromelysin 1 and gelatinase B in experimental acute lung injury. , 2001, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.

[67]  J. Segalés,et al.  Characterisation of PCV-2 isolates from Spain, Germany and France. , 2000, Virus research.

[68]  J. Segalés,et al.  Pathological, immunohistochemical, and in-situ hybridization studies of natural cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in pigs. , 1999, Journal of comparative pathology.

[69]  G. Allan,et al.  Porcine circovirus infection in Northern Ireland. , 1998, The Veterinary record.

[70]  E. Albina,et al.  Piglet wasting disease. , 1997, The Veterinary record.

[71]  R. E. Palmer,et al.  Estimated content percentages of volatile liquids and fat extractables in ready-to-eat foods. , 1996, Journal of AOAC International.

[72]  J. D. Clark,et al.  Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia: a community hospital experience. , 1995, Journal of the Tennessee Medical Association.

[73]  R. Sobonya,et al.  Localization of inflammation and virions in canine adenovirus type 2 bronchiolitis. , 1990, The American review of respiratory disease.