Kalkulierte Antibiotikatherapie bei intraabdominellen Infektionen – Fallbeispiele und evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlungen

Zusammenfassung Intraabdominelle Infektionen (IAI) stellen in der Viszeralmedizin ein häufiges Problem dar. So werden in Deutschland pro Jahr mehr als 150 000 Patienten mit diesem Krankheitsbild behandelt. Dabei kann der Verlauf bei Betroffenen relativ blande sein; intraabdominelle Infektionen können aber auch schwerwiegend verlaufen. Sie bilden z. B. den zweithäufigsten Fokus bei der Sepsis bzw. dem septischen Schock und stellen die zweithäufigste Ursache für das infektionsbedingte Versterben auf der Intensivstation dar. Aufgrund zunehmender Resistenzen von Mikroorganismen, aber auch Veränderungen im Erregerspektrum und zunehmender Komorbiditäten der Patienten müssen Empfehlungen zur initialen kalkulierten Antibiotikatherapie ständig angepasst werden. Eine inadäquate Antibiotikatherapie der IAI verschlechtert substanziell die Prognose der betroffenen Patienten, zu „breite“ Behandlungen verschärfen aber mittelfristig die Resistenzproblematik. In dieser Übersicht werden – basierend auf nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien – an konkreten Beispielen typischer intraabdomineller Infektionen Empfehlungen zur Initialtherapie gegeben. Unter Berücksichtigung lokaler Resistenzraten und individueller patientenspezifischer Faktoren soll damit eine Basis für eine verbesserte Therapie dieses häufigen Problems geschaffen werden.

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