Large-scale energy storage and dynamic performance of the autonomous power system in Crete Island: A review of the literature

The autonomous power system of Crete Island is the largest autonomous power system in Greece, accounting for around 5% of total energy demand. The Cretan power system is of particular interest, not only because of its high renewable energy sources (RES) potential, but also due to its specific operating characteristics, including the absence of interconnection, the large number of small capacity conventional plants existence, and its high electricity production costs. Apart from the already apparent and expected benefits of high RES penetration, a variety of parameters that include variation of RES, loss of conventional units, added errors, and complexity in the operating system's conditions due to increased number of RES plants may also cause significant issues in its stability. Moreover, the technical constraints that are added due to RES technologies operation may lead to a reduction of their absorbed energy by the system, reducing therefore the benefits from their commitment. One way to achieve high penetration from renewable energy is the installation of large scale energy storage units, such as pumped hydro storage (PHS) systems. However, in any case it is essential to maintain the desired dynamic stability and economic operation of the system. This can be only implemented with the design and development of an advanced and intelligent real time power management system. The scope of this paper is to provide the necessary review and evaluation of related literature in these subjects.

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