Implementation of Sensor RFID: Carrying Sensor Information in the Modulation Frequency

An approach that can be used for exploiting the sensing capabilities of RF identification (RFID) is presented and formulated. In this approach, sensor information is carried through the modulation frequency of RFID. The aim of this work is to investigate the sensor concept and to characterize the sensor performance both theoretically and experimentally. Furthermore, the operation of the sensor RF parts and oscillator are described analytically, and the equations are verified by simulations and measurements. The concept is experimentally demonstrated at a single carrier frequency to test its suitability for ultra-high-frequency RFID applications, and shown to be feasible for implementing sensors that can be read across distances up to 14 m.

[1]  Lluis Jofre,et al.  Multi-Loaded Modulated Scatterer Technique for Sensing Applications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[2]  Alanson P. Sample,et al.  Design of an RFID-Based Battery-Free Programmable Sensing Platform , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[3]  Roc Berenguer,et al.  Full Passive UHF Tag With a Temperature Sensor Suitable for Human Body Temperature Monitoring , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs.

[4]  Liang-Hung Lu,et al.  A High-Performance CMOS Voltage-Controlled Oscillator for Ultra-Low-Voltage Operations , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[5]  Hung Cao,et al.  Remote detection of gastroesophageal reflux using an impedance and pH sensing transponder , 2012, 2012 IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest.

[6]  G. Scholl,et al.  Theory and application of passive SAW radio transponders as sensors , 1998, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[7]  Manos M. Tentzeris,et al.  RFID-Enabled Sensor Design and Applications , 2010 .

[8]  Li Yang,et al.  A Novel Conformal RFID-Enabled Module Utilizing Inkjet-Printed Antennas and Carbon Nanotubes for Gas-Detection Applications , 2009, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[9]  A. Pohl,et al.  Impedance loaded SAW-sensors offer a wide range of measurement opportunities , 1999, 1999 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest (Cat. No.99CH36282).

[10]  J. Voutilainen.  Methods and instrumentation for measuring moisture in building structures , 2005 .

[11]  Y. Tai,et al.  Wireless Intraocular Pressure Sensing Using Microfabricated Minimally Invasive Flexible-Coiled LC Sensor Implant , 2010, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems.

[12]  V. Viikari,et al.  RFID MEMS Sensor Concept Based on Intermodulation Distortion , 2009, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[13]  Ville Viikari,et al.  Passive Wireless Sensor Platform Utilizing a Mechanical Resonator , 2013, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[14]  V Viikari,et al.  Intermodulation Read-Out Principle for Passive Wireless Sensors , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[15]  Xuezhi Zeng,et al.  Remote Moisture Sensing utilizing Ordinary RFID Tags , 2007, 2007 IEEE Sensors.

[16]  Roy Want,et al.  Enabling ubiquitous sensing with RFID , 2004, Computer.

[17]  Yu-Te Liao,et al.  A 3-$\mu\hbox{W}$ CMOS Glucose Sensor for Wireless Contact-Lens Tear Glucose Monitoring , 2012, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.

[18]  K. Wise,et al.  A wireless microsystem for the remote sensing of pressure, temperature, and relative humidity , 2005, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems.

[19]  A. Pohl.  A review of wireless SAW sensors , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.

[20]  Gaetano Marrocco,et al.  Modeling and Applications of a Chemical-Loaded UHF RFID Sensing Antenna With Tuning Capability , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[21]  Ville Viikari,et al.  Optimization of Wireless Sensors Based on Intermodulation Communication , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques.

[22]  Shawn M. Walsh,et al.  Wireless, passive, resonant-circuit, inductively coupled, inductive strain sensor , 2002 .

[23]  G.D. Durgin,et al.  Complete Link Budgets for Backscatter-Radio and RFID Systems , 2009, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.

[24]  Huiyun Li.  Development and Implementation of RFID Technology , 2009 .

[25]  V. Viikari,et al.  Wireless ferroelectric resonating sensor , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control.