Knowledge transmission channels : a comparative study in Brazil and in Europe

The process of globalization and the change on technological paradigm have important effects in the modeling of new patterns of competition. In this context there is a consensus among specialized researchers that the collaborative learning processes in clusters are crucial for the configuration at the competitive advantage of the companies individually and to the group that forms the cluster. This paper aims at identifying and analyzing the knowledge transmission channels in textile and clothing clusters located in Brazil and in Europe. Primary data was obtained through interviews with key individuals. The collection of primary data was carried out based on a questionnaire with ten categories of indicators of knowledge transmission. Secondary data was also collected through a literature review and through international organizations sites. Similarities related to the use of the main transmission channels of knowledge are observed in all cases. The main similarities are: influence of suppliers of machinery, equipment and raw materials; imitation of products and best practices; training promoted by technical institutions and businesses; and cluster companies being open to acquire new knowledge. The main differences lie in the relationship between companies, where in Europe the intensity of this relationship is bigger when compared to Brazil. The differences also occur in importance and frequency of the relationship with the government, with the cultural environment, and with the activities of research and development. It is also found factors that reduce the importance of geographical proximity in transmission of knowledge, and in generating trust and the establishment of collaborative behavior. This was the reality found in the studied clusters,that currently go through a process of adaptation to the changes in the real world.