A Model for Organizational Interaction: based on Agents, founded in Logic

a a qualquer tipo de entidade participante em interacções (incluindo pessoas) e, por outro lado, fornece modelos teóricos tanto para indivíduos como para interacções. Dado que o modelo distingue entre o conceito de agente e o papel representado pelo agente numa organização, e abstrai dos aspectos especificos da estrutura interna dos agentes, é possivel combinar numa estrutura OperA diferentes arquitecturas de agentes duma maneira muito flexivel, o que possibilita a descrição de sociedades abertas. OperA separa a especificação das estruturas sociais (o Modelo de Organização) da descrição de objectivos individuais (o Modelo Social) e da descrição das interacções (o Modelo de Interacção) e usa o conceito de contrato para combinar estes modelos e especificar instâncias especificas que reflectem as necessidades concretas do ambiente e participantes currentes. Ou seja, o foco de OperA não é a representação em si das entidades individuais, mas o desenho de ambientes em que essas entidades possam interagir duma maneira que combina a sua autonomia com as necessidades e esperanças da organização. Devido ao nivel de abstracção de OperA, o modelo é apropriado tanto para a modelação e estudo de organizações existentes, como para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de apoio em contextos organizationais. Devido ao facto que o desenvolvimento do modelo OperA é baseado numa visão social e colectiva de organizações, equivalente a ideias usadas em ciências sociais e de gestão, estamos convencidos que OperA pode contribuir para o aceitamento de sistemas de agentes em organizações como uma maneira natural para a representação e caracterização de sistemas complexos e inteligentes. A possibilidade de aplicação práctica de OperA é demonstrada com o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de desenho para modelos OperA. Esta metodologia foi aplicada no desenvolvimento de vários casos de estudo, cobrindo aspectos diferentes de interacção em ambientes organizados, desde a àrea de KM até a modelos para mercados não-monetários para troca de serviços de saúde. As possibilidades do modelo e conceitos desenvolvidos nesta tese é demonstrada por esta variadade de aplicações. Na àrea específica de KM, OperA possibilita o uso de tecnologia no apoio da colaboração entre utilisadores, de maneiras que contribuem para o enriquecimento da organização e levam em conta as motivações e requisitos individuais. Se bem que o objectivo principal desta investigação tenha sido o desenvolvimento de aplicações prácticas para apoio à gestão de conhecimentos, o desenvolvimento de uma teoria formal para o modelo OperA foi de grande importância. A Linguagem de Representação de Contratos (LCR) baseada em lógicas temporais e deônticas que apresentamos, é suficientemente expressiva para descrever sistemas de multi-agentes, pois torna possivel a descripção e verificação de contractos de interacção entre agentes. A linguagem LCR foi também estendida com elementos ilocucionários que permitem a formalização da comunicação e fornece assim uma estrutura formal e uma semântica integrada para modelos OperA a todos os niveis (organização, social e interacção). Devido a este facto, o formalismo LCR possibilita a representação de domínios realistas e possiblita a verificação formal da aplicação de OperA a estes domínios.

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