Using Entropy Based Clustering Method to Improve the Utilization Heterogeneous Antennas in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Directional antennas widely used in IEEE 802.11 series protocols can offer high gain and low interference to other stations. But they also cause some side effects like the hidden terminal and deafness problems, which will deteriorate the performance of the networks significantly. Therefore, omni-directional antennas have to be used in some cases to avoid these problems. So a station equipped with antennas capable of operating in both omnidirectional and directional modes is desired. In this paper, an entropy-based clustering algorithm is proposed to find an improved solution between using omniand directional antennas, which utilizes the advantage of directional antennas and meanwhile alleviates the effects brought by directional antennas. We compare our proposed algorithms with the traditional ones and the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of our proposed method.

[1]  Otto Optiz,et al.  Conceptual and Numerical Analysis of Data , 1989 .

[2]  G. Celeux,et al.  Clustering criteria for discrete data and latent class models , 1991 .

[3]  Kai-Ten Feng.  LMA: Location- and Mobility-Aware Medium-Access Control Protocols for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[4]  Robert E. Hiromoto,et al.  A MAC protocol for mobile ad hoc networks using directional antennas , 2000, 2000 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Conference Record (Cat. No.00TH8540).

[5]  Edward W. Knightly,et al.  Opportunistic media access for multirate ad hoc networks , 2002, MobiCom '02.

[6]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  On designing MAC protocols for wireless networks using directional antennas , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[7]  Hans-Hermann Bock,et al.  Probabilistic Aspects in Cluster Analysis , 1989 .

[8]  Aifeng Ren,et al.  Directional virtual carrier sensing for directional antennas in mobile ad hoc networks , 2002, MobiHoc '02.

[9]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  Deafness: a MAC problem in ad hoc networks when using directional antennas , 2004, Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, 2004. ICNP 2004..

[10]  Wen-Tsuen Chen,et al.  An MAC protocol for wireless ad-hoc networks using smart antennas [an read a] , 2005, 11th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS'05).

[11]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Wireless communications - principles and practice , 1996 .

[12]  Ethem Alpaydin,et al.  Introduction to machine learning , 2004, Adaptive computation and machine learning.

[13]  Leandros Tassiulas,et al.  A MAC protocol for full exploitation of directional antennas in ad-hoc wireless networks , 2003, MobiHoc '03.

[14]  Nitin H. Vaidya,et al.  Medium access control protocols using directional antennas in ad hoc networks , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[15]  Wen-Tsuen Chen,et al.  An adaptive MAC protocol for wireless ad hoc networks using smart antenna system , 2003, 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484).

[16]  Takashi Watanabe,et al.  A directional hidden terminal problem in ad hoc network MAC protocols with smart antennas and its solutions , 2005, GLOBECOM '05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005..

[17]  Damla Turgut,et al.  An Entropy-Based Clustering Scheme in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2007 .