Probability in the real world as a system attribute

Overview Randomness in some intuitive sense is all around us in the real world Hence it is the proper object of scienti c study In two recent publications Kalman we have argued that a scienti c study of randomness never really undertaken before should begin by separat ing the intuitive concept of random from any immanent or implied relation with probability whatever that word may mean This is just the opposite of the usual procedure for example in axiomatic probability theory random is given a meaning only after the probabilities have been de ned In this paper we take a position the scienti c one on the opposite side from that of Dennis Lindley a well known Bayesian whose conviction is that