Limiting overdiagnosis of low-risk prostate cancer through an evaluation of the predictive value of transrectal and power Doppler ultrasonography

PurposeOverdiagnosis induced by prostate cancer screening makes necessary a better selection of candidate patients for prostate biopsy. The objective of our study is to assess the probability of having a high- or low-risk lesion that could require active surveillance (AS) after biopsies and a normal or abnormal examination, including transrectal and power Doppler ultrasonography (TRUS-PDS).MethodsFour hundred and twenty-nine consecutive patients with a PSA level <10 ng/ml and a normal digital rectal examination (DRE) had guided biopsies in a prospective study. We used D’Amico’s criteria to assess the risk of a biological recurrence and Dall’Era’s criteria to assess possible AS. The TRUS-PDS was considered positive if one biopsy was positive in the same sextant as the suspect image.ResultsOne hundred and seventy-seven out of 429 (41 %) T1c cancers were diagnosed; 131 out of 177 (74 %) could be qualified as low risk, and 119 out of 177 (67 %) could require AS. The TRUS-PDS was normal in 285 of 429 patients (66 %). With a normal TRUS-PDS, the probability of not having cancer with a high or intermediate risk was 96 % (negative predictive value). With an abnormal TRUS-PDS, the probability of having a positive biopsy was 59 %, and the probability of having a significant cancer was 30 %, according to the Dall’Era criteria. When TRUS-PDS was normal, these probabilities significantly decreased to 32 and 5 %, respectively (p < 0.01).ConclusionsPatients with a PSA level <10 ng/ml, a normal DRE, and a normal TRUS-PDS have a less than 5 % risk of high- or intermediate-risk cancer.SommarioScopoLo screening per la prevenzione del cancro alla prostata può portare a un eccessivo di falsi positivi; pertanto è necessaria un’attenta selezione dei pazienti candidati alla biopsia della prostata. L’obiettivo del nostro studio è quello di valutare la probabilità di avere una lesione ad alto o basso rischio che potrebbe richiedere una sorveglianza attiva (AS) dopo biopsia, e un normale o anormale esame rettale trans and power Doppler (TRUS-PDS).MetodiIn uno studio prospettico, sono state eseguite 429 biopsie in pazienti consecutivi con un livello di PSA <10 ng/ml e un DRE normale. Sono stati usati i criteri di D’Amico per valutare il rischio di una recidiva biologica, e quelli di Dall’Era per la sorveglianza attiva (AS). Se anche una sola biopsia risultava positiva, anche la TRUS-PDS di conseguenza era considerata positivo.RisultatiSono stati diagnosticati 177 tumori/429 (41 %) tumori T1c: 131/177 (74 %) Sono stati qualifications come a basso rischio e 119/177 (67 %) possono richiedere un AS.La TRUS -PDS era normale in 285 dei 429 pazienti (66 %). Con un normale esame di TRUS -PDS, la probabilità di non avere un cancro con un rischio elevato o intermedio era del 96 % (valore predittivo negativo). Con una TRUS-PDS positivo per neoplasia, la probabilità di avere una biopsia positiva è stata del 59 % e la probabilità di avere un cancro significativa era del 30 % in base ai criteri Dall’Era. Queste probabilità diminuivano in modo significativo quando TRUS -PDS erano normali, al 32 % e 5 %, rispettivamente (p < 0.01). L’accuratezza diagnostica della TRUS -PDS era del 65 %, quando tutti i tumori T1c sono stati diagnosticati. L’84 % dei tumori presentano un rischio intermedio o alto secondo D’Amico e 83 % nella diagnosi di tumori significativi che possono non richiedere un AS secondo Dall’Era (p < 0.01).ConclusioniI pazienti con un livello di PSA <10 ng/ml, un DRE normale e un normale valore TRUS-PDS hanno meno del 5 % del rischio di avere un cancro ad alto o medio rischio.

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