The giant low-density lipoproteins (LDL) accumulation in the multi-layer artery wall model

The mathematical, four-layer model of the LDL transport across the arterial wall including the sensitivity of the transport coefficients to the wall shear stress (WSS) is studied. In that model the advection-diffusion equations in porous media are used to determine the LDL concentration profiles in each layer of the arterial wall. We demonstrate the effect of the giant accumulation of the LDL in the intima layer. This property turns out to be an interplay between the layered structure of the arterial wall and WSS sensitivity of the endothelium. Interestingly, we also show that the single-layer models with the same WSS sensitivity mechanism and corresponding parameters, obscure the accumulation phenomenon, which predicts the one order of magnitude larger LDL concentration.

[1]  S. Schultz,et al.  Physiological Reviews , 1941 .

[2]  Kambiz Vafai,et al.  Effect of the fluid-structure interactions on low-density lipoprotein transport within a multi-layered arterial wall. , 2012, Journal of biomechanics.

[3]  G. Garcı́a-Cardeña,et al.  Endothelial Dysfunction, Hemodynamic Forces, and Atherogenesis a , 2000, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[4]  J. Tarbell.  Mass transport in arteries and the localization of atherosclerosis. , 2003, Annual review of biomedical engineering.

[5]  G. Getz,et al.  Site Specificity of Atherosclerosis: Site-Selective Responses to Atherosclerotic Modulators , 2004, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[6]  Shigeo Wada,et al.  Computational Study on LDL Transfer from Flowing Blood to Arterial Walls , 2000 .

[7]  Yerem Yeghiazarians,et al.  Prediction of sites of coronary atherosclerosis progression: In vivo profiling of endothelial shear stress, lumen, and outer vessel wall characteristics to predict vascular behavior. , 2003, Current opinion in cardiology.

[8]  R. Schroter,et al.  Arterial Wall Shear and Distribution of Early Atheroma in Man , 1969, Nature.

[9]  Shu Chien,et al.  Molecular and mechanical bases of focal lipid accumulation in arterial wall. , 2003, Progress in biophysics and molecular biology.

[10]  P. Prádanos,et al.  Alternative pore hindrance factors: What one should be used for nanofiltration modelization? , 2009 .

[11]  A. Tedgui,et al.  Effects of pressure-induced stretch and convection on low-density lipoprotein and albumin uptake in the rabbit aortic wall. , 1996, Circulation research.

[12]  Kambiz Vafai,et al.  Modeling of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport in the artery—effects of hypertension , 2006 .

[13]  C. Patlak,et al.  Theoretical Analysis of Net Tracer Flux Due to Volume Circulation in a Membrane with Pores of Different Sizes , 1971, The Journal of general physiology.

[14]  N. Stergiopulos,et al.  Plaque-prone hemodynamics impair endothelial function in pig carotid arteries. , 2006, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[15]  C Kleinstreuer,et al.  Relation between non-uniform hemodynamics and sites of altered permeability and lesion growth at the rabbit aorto-celiac junction. , 1999, Atherosclerosis.

[16]  Mahsa Dabagh,et al.  The transport of LDL across the deformable arterial wall: the effect of endothelial cell turnover and intimal deformation under hypertension. , 2009, American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology.

[17]  Andreas Suciu.  Effects of external forces on endothelial cells , 1997 .

[18]  M. Nehls,et al.  Shear stress inhibits apoptosis of human endothelial cells , 1996, FEBS letters.

[19]  B. Haraldsson,et al.  Transport of macromolecules across microvascular walls: the two-pore theory. , 1994, Physiological reviews.

[20]  S Glagov,et al.  Fluid wall shear stress measurements in a model of the human abdominal aorta: oscillatory behavior and relationship to atherosclerosis. , 1994, Atherosclerosis.

[21]  E. Edelman,et al.  Role of endothelial shear stress in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling: molecular, cellular, and vascular behavior. , 2007, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[22]  T. Ohashi,et al.  Effect of Shear Stress on Permeability of Vascular Endothelial Monolayer Cocultured with Smooth Muscle Cells , 2004 .

[23]  M. Kellen,et al.  Transient transcapillary exchange of water driven by osmotic forces in the heart. , 2003, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[24]  Mohamud Daya,et al.  Current burden of sudden cardiac death: multiple source surveillance versus retrospective death certificate-based review in a large U.S. community. , 2004, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[25]  C. R. Ethier,et al.  Oxygen mass transfer calculations in large arteries. , 1997, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[26]  Kambiz Vafai,et al.  Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport in an artery – A simplified analytical solution , 2008 .

[27]  J J Wentzel,et al.  Relationship Between Neointimal Thickness and Shear Stress After Wallstent Implantation in Human Coronary Arteries , 2001, Circulation.

[28]  K Perktold,et al.  Pulsatile albumin transport in large arteries: a numerical simulation study. , 1996, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[29]  T. Karino,et al.  Flow patterns and spatial distribution of atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries. , 1990, Circulation research.

[30]  K Perktold,et al.  Mathematical and numerical models for transfer of low-density lipoproteins through the arterial walls: a new methodology for the model set up with applications to the study of disturbed lumenal flow. , 2005, Journal of biomechanics.

[31]  S. Weinbaum,et al.  Transendothelial Transport of Low Density Lipoprotein in Association with Cell Mitosis in Rat Aorta , 1989, Arteriosclerosis.

[32]  S. Chien.  Effects of Disturbed Flow on Endothelial Cells , 2008, Annals of Biomedical Engineering.

[33]  D. Ku,et al.  Pulsatile Flow and Atherosclerosis in the Human Carotid Bifurcation: Positive Correlation between Plaque Location and Low and Oscillating Shear Stress , 1985, Arteriosclerosis.

[34]  R. Kronmal,et al.  Height and risk of sudden cardiac death: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and Cardiovascular Health studies. , 2014, Annals of epidemiology.

[35]  K. Reinier,et al.  Epidemiology of sudden cardiac death: clinical and research implications. , 2008, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[36]  S. Weinbaum,et al.  A fiber matrix model for the growth of macromolecular leakage spots in the arterial intima. , 1994, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[37]  Zahi A Fayad,et al.  Does shear stress modulate both plaque progression and regression in the thoracic aorta? Human study using serial magnetic resonance imaging. , 2005, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[38]  Dimos Poulikakos,et al.  Flow and wall shear stress in end-to-side and side-to-side anastomosis of venous coronary artery bypass grafts , 2007, Biomedical engineering online.

[39]  S. Alper,et al.  Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis. , 1999, JAMA.

[40]  Rob Krams,et al.  Shear stress affects the intracellular distribution of eNOS: direct demonstration by a novel in vivo technique. , 2005, Blood.

[41]  D. Kereiakes,et al.  Endothelial dysfunction. , 2003, Circulation.

[42]  A. Wahle,et al.  Effect of Endothelial Shear Stress on the Progression of Coronary Artery Disease, Vascular Remodeling, and In-Stent Restenosis in Humans: In Vivo 6-Month Follow-Up Study , 2003, Circulation.

[43]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[44]  Vartan Kurtcuoglu,et al.  Computational modeling of coupled blood-wall mass transport of LDL: effects of local wall shear stress. , 2008, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[45]  F. Curry,et al.  Microvascular permeability. , 1999, Physiological reviews.

[46]  Kambiz Vafai,et al.  A coupling model for macromolecule transport in a stenosed arterial wall , 2006 .