The positive effects of bed material coating on tar reduction in a dual fluidized bed gasifier

Abstract The utilization of biomass for the substitution of fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in biomass steam gasification plants is a promising technology for the production of electricity, heat, and fuels for transportation. Experience from industrial scale dual fluidized bed steam gasification plants showed a modification of the bed material due to the interaction of the bed material (olivine) with biomass ash components and additives. In this paper the influence of bed material modification on the gasification properties of used olivine from an industrial scale plant in Gussing is compared with the case of fresh olivine. The trials were carried out under similar conditions in a pilot plant at the Vienna University of Technology. The pilot plant trials showed an increase in hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the product gas with the used bed material while the content of carbon monoxide in the product gas decreased. The exothermal water–gas shift reaction is enhanced by the used bed material, resulting in a lower energy demand for the gasification. Tar content was decreased by around 80% for tars detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) and the composition of the tar showed less components during the trial with used bed material. The results obtained with the used bed material at the 100 kW pilot plant are in good agreement with those for the 8 MW industrial plant in Gussing, confirming good scale-up properties from the 100 kW plant to industrial scale plants.

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