Earthquake cycle deformation and the Moho: Implications for the rheology of continental lithosphere

article i nfo The last 20 years has seen a dramatic improvement in the quantity and quality of geodetic measurements of the earthquakeloadingcycle.In thispaper we compile andreviewtheseobservations andtest whether crustal thick- ness exerts any control. We found 78 earthquake source mechanisms for continental earthquakes derived from satellite geodesy, 187 estimates of interseismic "locking depth", and 23 earthquakes (or sequences) for which postseismic deformation has been observed. Globally we estimate seismogenic thickness to be 14 ± 5 and 14 ± 7 km from coseismic and interseismic observations respectively. We find that there is no global relation- ship between Moho depth and the seismogenic layer thickness determined geodetically. We also found no clear global relationship between seismogenic thickness and proxies for the temperature structure of the crust. Thissuggests that the effectof temperature,so clearin oceaniclithosphere,ismaskedinthe continents by consid- erable variation in lithology, strain-rate, and/or grain size. Elastic thicknesses from Bouguer gravity are systemat- ically larger than the geodetic seismogenic thicknesses but there is no correlation between them. By contrast, elastic thicknesses from free-air methods are typically smaller than the geodetic estimates of seismogenic layer thickness. Postseismic observations show considerable regional variations, but most long-term studies of large earthquakes infer viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust and/or upper mantle with relaxation times of a few monthstoafewhundredyears.These areinapparentcontradiction withthe higherestimatesof elasticthickness. Our analysis of the geodetic data therefore supports the "creme brulee" model, in which the strength of the con- tinental lithosphere ispredominantlyinthe upperseismogenic layer. However, the distribution of geodeticobser- vations is biased towards weaker areas, and faults can also modify the local rheology. Postseismic results could therefore be sampling weak regions within an otherwise strong crust or mantle.

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