Capillaroscopy

Microscopy of the nailfold capillaries has found increasing use in dermatology, rheumatology and angiology particularly as an important tool to distinguish between primary and secondary Raynaud disease. The best evidence is available in systemic sclerosis where specific capillaroscopic patterns have a high positive predictive value for the development of the disease. Conversely, a regular capillary pattern rules out systemic sclerosis with high degree of probability. PRINCE (prognostic index for nailfold capillaroscopic examination) was developed to identify patients at high risk of developing systemic sclerosis. CSURI (capillaroscopic skin ulcer risk index) should predict the risk of developing digital ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis with high specificity and sensitivity.

[1]  H. Hutter,et al.  Transition from primary Raynaud's phenomenon to secondary Raynaud's phenomenon identified by diagnosis of an associated disease: results of ten years of prospective surveillance. , 2006, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[2]  F. Salaffi,et al.  Different microvascular involvement in dermatomyositis and systemic sclerosis. A preliminary study by a tight videocapillaroscopic assessment. , 2012, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[3]  P. Postmus,et al.  Nailfold capillary density is associated with the presence and severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis , 2008, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[4]  M. Bredemeier,et al.  Nailfold capillaroscopic findings in primary Sjögren's syndrome: clinical and serological correlations. , 2005, Clinical and experimental rheumatology.

[5]  G. Spencer-Green.  Outcomes in primary Raynaud phenomenon: a meta-analysis of the frequency, rates, and predictors of transition to secondary diseases. , 1998, Archives of internal medicine.

[6]  E. Biganzoli,et al.  Improving outcome prediction of systemic sclerosis from isolated Raynaud's phenomenon: role of autoantibodies and nail-fold capillaroscopy. , 2010, Rheumatology.

[7]  R. D'amico,et al.  Predictive role of capillaroscopic skin ulcer risk index in systemic sclerosis: a multicentre validation study , 2011, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[8]  N. Martinelli,et al.  Scleroderma patients nailfold videocapillaroscopic patterns are associated with disease subset and disease severity. , 2007, Rheumatology.

[9]  R M Silver,et al.  Association between fluorescent antinuclear antibodies, capillary patterns, and clinical features in scleroderma spectrum disorders. , 1984, The American journal of medicine.

[10]  A. Murray,et al.  Reliability of dermoscopy in the assessment of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. , 2010, Rheumatology.

[11]  A. Schwarting,et al.  [Capillaroscopy. Procedure and nomenclature]. , 2010, Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie.

[12]  N. Damjanov,et al.  Is there a difference in systemic lupus erythematosus with and without Raynaud’s phenomenon? , 2013, Rheumatology International.

[13]  R. D'amico,et al.  Capillaroscopic skin ulcer risk index: a new prognostic tool for digital skin ulcer development in systemic sclerosis patients. , 2009, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[14]  R. Koppensteiner,et al.  Predictive value of nailfold capillaroscopy in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. , 2006, Clinical rheumatology.

[15]  P. Boracchi,et al.  Prognostic model based on nailfold capillaroscopy for identifying Raynaud's phenomenon patients at high risk for the development of a scleroderma spectrum disorder: PRINCE (prognostic index for nailfold capillaroscopic examination). , 2008, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[16]  A Sulli,et al.  Nailfold videocapillaroscopic patterns and serum autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis. , 2004, Rheumatology.

[17]  M. Kundi,et al.  Qualitative and quantitative assessment of nailfold capillaries by capillaroscopy in healthy volunteers. , 2012, VASA. Zeitschrift fur Gefasskrankheiten.

[18]  M. Abrahamowicz,et al.  Autoantibodies and microvascular damage are independent predictive factors for the progression of Raynaud's phenomenon to systemic sclerosis: a twenty-year prospective study of 586 patients, with validation of proposed criteria for early systemic sclerosis. , 2008, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[19]  U. Müller-Ladner,et al.  Capillaroscopic pattern in systemic lupus erythematosus and undifferentiated connective tissue disease: What we still have to learn? , 2013, Rheumatology International.

[20]  Shinichi Sato,et al.  A portable dermatoscope for easy, rapid examination of periungual nailfold capillary changes in patients with systemic sclerosis , 2011, Rheumatology International.

[21]  M. Cutolo,et al.  Scoring the nailfold microvascular changes during the capillaroscopic analysis in systemic sclerosis patients , 2007, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[22]  M. L. Lopes,et al.  Preliminary criteria for the very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis: results of a Delphi Consensus Study from EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research Group , 2010, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.