North Pacific and North Atlantic sea-surface temperature variability during the Holocene

Holocene climate variability is investigated in the North Pacific and North Atlantic realms, using alkenone-derived sea-surface temperature (SST) records as well as a millennial scale simulation with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The alkenone SST data indicate a temperature increase over almost the entire North Pacific from 7 cal kyr BP to the present. A dipole pattern with a continuous cooling in the northeastern Atlantic and a warming in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the northern Red Sea is detected in the North Atlantic realm. Similarly, SST variations are opposite in sign between the northeastern Pacific and the northeastern Atlantic. A 2300 year long AOGCM climate simulation reveals a similar SST seesaw between the northeastern Pacific and the northeastern Atlantic on centennial time scales. Our analysis of the alkenone SST data and the model results suggests fundamental inter-oceanic teleconnections during the Holocene.

[1]  K. Kawamura,et al.  Alkenone sea surface temperature in the Okhotsk Sea for the last 15 kyr , 2000 .

[2]  R. Schneider,et al.  Holocene climate variability as derived from alkenone sea surface temperature and coupled ocean-atmosphere model experiments , 2004 .

[3]  Richard G. Fairbanks,et al.  Sea-Level Estimates during the Last Deglaciation Based on δ18O and Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 14C Ages Measured in Globigerina bulloides , 1989, Quaternary Research.

[4]  L. Keigwin.  Glacial‐age hydrography of the far northwest Pacific Ocean , 1998 .

[5]  M. Prange,et al.  Northern high-latitude climate changes during the Holocene as simulated by circulation models. , 2005 .

[6]  John M. Wallace,et al.  Annular Modes in the Extratropical Circulation. Part II: Trends , 2000 .

[7]  M. Sperling,et al.  Black Sea impact on the formation of eastern Mediterranean sapropel S1? Evidence from the Marmara Sea , 2003 .

[8]  J. Wallace,et al.  The Arctic oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields , 1998 .

[9]  H. Storch,et al.  Statistical Analysis in Climate Research , 2000 .

[10]  R. Schneider,et al.  Arctic/North Atlantic Oscillation signature in Holocene sea surface temperature trends as obtained from alkenone data , 2003 .

[11]  F. Prahl,et al.  Calibration of unsaturation patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for palaeotemperature assessment , 1987, Nature.

[12]  J. Wallace,et al.  Annular Modes in the Extratropical Circulation. Part I: Month-to-Month Variability* , 2000 .

[13]  Rainer Zahn,et al.  Warming of the tropical Atlantic Ocean and slowdown of thermohaline circulation during the last deglaciation , 1999, Nature.

[14]  C. Morigi,et al.  Foraminiferal ecozones, a high resolution proxy for the late Quaternary biochronology in the central Mediterranean Sea , 1999 .

[15]  M. Chapman,et al.  Faunal and alkenone reconstructions of subtropical North Atlantic surface hydrography and paleotemperature over the last 28 kyr , 1996 .

[16]  K. Emeis,et al.  SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES RECONSTRUCTION OF THE LAST 16,000 YEARS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEA , 2001 .

[17]  M. Stuiver,et al.  Oxygen 18/16 variability in Greenland snow and ice with 10 -3- to 105-year time resolution , 1997 .

[18]  Joseph D. Ortiz,et al.  Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period:rapid climate responses to gradual insolation forcing , 2000 .

[19]  James P. Kennett,et al.  21. LATEST QUATERNARY PALEOCLIMATIC AND RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY, HOLE 1017E, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MARGIN 1 , 2000 .

[20]  S. Harris,et al.  correction: Deepwater variability in the Holocene epoch , 2003, Nature.

[21]  André Berger,et al.  Milankovitch and Climate , 1984, NATO ASI Series.

[22]  M. Schulz,et al.  Holocene Climate Variability on Centennial-to-Millennial Time Scales: 1. Climate Records from the North-Atlantic Realm , 2002 .

[23]  J. D. Hays,et al.  Age Dating and the Orbital Theory of the Ice Ages: Development of a High-Resolution 0 to 300,000-Year Chronostratigraphy , 1987, Quaternary Research.

[24]  T. Herbert,et al.  16. ALKENONE UNSATURATION ESTIMATES OF SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES AT SITE 1002 OVER A FULL GLACIAL CYCLE 1 , 2000 .

[25]  Joan O. Grimalt,et al.  East Asian monsoon climate during the Late Pleistocene: high-resolution sediment records from the south China Sea , 1999 .

[26]  Bernd Kromer,et al.  Persistent Solar Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene , 2001, Science.

[27]  Joan O. Grimalt,et al.  High‐resolution UK 37 temperature reconstructions in the South China Sea over the past 220 kyr , 1999 .

[28]  Laurel A Muehlhausen,et al.  Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions , 1988 .

[29]  T. Stocker,et al.  Apparent long-term cooling of the sea surface in the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean during the Holocene. , 2002 .

[30]  J. Grimalt,et al.  Variability of the western Mediterranean Sea surface temperature during the last 25,000 years and its connection with the Northern Hemisphere climatic changes , 2001 .

[31]  Francisco Javier Sierro,et al.  Dansgaard‐Oeschger and Heinrich event imprints in Alboran Sea paleotemperatures , 1999 .

[32]  S. Kienast,et al.  Sea surface temperatures in the subarctic northeast Pacific reflect millennial‐scale climate oscillations during the last 16 kyrs , 2001 .

[33]  J. Duplessy,et al.  Century-scale events in monsoonal climate over the past 24,000 years , 1993, Nature.

[34]  G. Scheeder,et al.  High‐resolution temperature and evaporation changes during the Late Holocene in the northeastern Arabian Sea , 2001 .

[35]  Chi‐Yue Huang,et al.  Surface ocean and monsoon climate variability in the South China Sea since the last glaciation , 1997 .

[36]  C. Pelejero,et al.  Precision of the current methods to measure the alkenone proxy U37K′ and absolute alkenone abundance in sediments: Results of an interlaboratory comparison study , 2001 .

[37]  M. Sarnthein,et al.  Molecular stratigraphy of cores off northwest Africa: Sea surface temperature history over the last 80 Ka , 1995 .

[38]  H. Schulz,et al.  A 5000-yr Record of Climate Change in Varved Sediments from the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Pakistan, Northeastern Arabian Sea , 1999, Quaternary Research.

[39]  C. Pelejero,et al.  The correlation between the 37k index and sea surface temperatures in the warm boundary: The South China Sea , 1997 .

[40]  M. Sarnthein,et al.  ATLANTIC CORE-TOP CALIBRATION OF THE U37K INDEX AS A SEA-SURFACE PALAEOTEMPERATURE INDICATOR , 1995 .

[41]  S. John,et al.  Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP 2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores , 2002 .

[42]  N. Shackleton,et al.  The 100,000-year ice-Age cycle identified and found to lag temperature, carbon dioxide, and orbital eccentricity , 2000, Science.

[43]  W. Godwin.  Article in Press , 2000 .

[44]  R. Schneider,et al.  GHOST global database for alkenone-derived Holocene sea-surface temperature records , 2004 .

[45]  A. Rosell‐Melé,et al.  Core-top calibration of the alkenone index vs sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean , 1997 .

[46]  G. Eglinton,et al.  Molecular stratigraphy: a new tool for climatic assessment , 1986, Nature.

[47]  J. D. Hays,et al.  The orbital theory of Pleistocene climate : Support from a revised chronology of the marine δ^ O record. , 1984 .

[48]  E. Bard,et al.  Precision of the current methods to measure the alkenone proxy UK , 2001 .

[49]  T. Herbert,et al.  High resolution climatic evolution of coastal Northern California during the past 16 , 2003 .

[50]  C. Ostertag-Henning,et al.  26. DATA REPORT: CARBONATE RECORDS FROM SITES 1012, 1013, 1017, AND 1019 AND ALKENONE-BASED SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES FROM SITE 1017 1 , 2000 .

[51]  Henk A. Dijkstra,et al.  Multiple Oscillatory Modes of the Global Ocean Circulation , 2003 .

[52]  Gerrit Lohmann,et al.  Acceleration technique for Milankovitch type forcing in a coupled atmosphere-ocean circulation model: method and application for the Holocene , 2004 .

[53]  David M. Anderson,et al.  Variability of El Niño/Southern Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during the Holocene epoch , 2002, Nature.

[54]  K. Sawada,et al.  Variability of the path of the Kuroshio ocean current over the past 25,000 years , 1998, Nature.

[55]  J. Jouzel,et al.  Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores , 1993, Nature.

[56]  T. Herbert,et al.  Collapse of the California Current During Glacial Maxima Linked to Climate Change on Land , 2001, Science.

[57]  B. Huntley,et al.  Climate development and history of the North Atlantic realm , 2002 .

[58]  A. Rosell‐Melé,et al.  Calibration of the alkenone paleotemperature index U37K′ based on core-tops from the eastern South Atlantic and the global ocean (60°N-60°S) , 1998 .

[59]  Jerry F. McManus,et al.  Surveillance: Radiographic imaging with cosmic-ray muons , 2003, Nature.

[60]  A. Roberts,et al.  North Pacific response to millennial‐scale changes in ocean circulation over the last 60 kyr , 2001 .

[61]  E. Michel,et al.  Mediterranean Sea Surface Radiocarbon Reservoir Age Changes Since the Last Glacial Maximum , 2001, Science.

[62]  E. Calvo,et al.  High resolution U37K sea surface temperature reconstruction in the Norwegian Sea during the Holocene , 2002 .

[63]  K. Emeis,et al.  Modulation and amplification of climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere by the Indian summer monsoon during the past 80 k.y , 2001 .

[64]  C. Pelejero,et al.  The flooding of Sundaland during the last deglaciation: imprints in hemipelagic sediments from the southern South China Sea , 1999 .

[65]  P. Müller,et al.  Mediterranean Moisture Source for an Early-Holocene Humid Period in the Northern Red Sea , 2003, Science.

[66]  J. Wallace,et al.  A Pacific Interdecadal Climate Oscillation with Impacts on Salmon Production , 1997 .

[67]  A. Kirkland,et al.  Hydrological impact of heinrich events in the subtropical northeast atlantic , 2000, Science.

[68]  K. Emeis,et al.  Temperature and salinity variations of Mediterranean Sea surface waters over the last 16,000 years from records of planktonic stable oxygen isotopes and alkenone unsaturation ratios , 2000 .

[69]  J. Hurrell.  Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation , 1995, Science.

[70]  R. B. Pearce,et al.  Late Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentation at Site 1002, Cariaco Basin (Venezuela) , 2000 .

[71]  K. Emeis,et al.  Salinity changes in the central Baltic Sea (NW Europe) over the last 10000 years , 2003 .

[72]  Michael Schulz,et al.  Centennial‐to‐millennial‐scale periodicities of Holocene climate and sediment injections off the western Barents shelf, 75°N , 2003 .

[73]  K. Emeis,et al.  Holocene palaeoclimate records over Europe and the North Atlantic , 2003 .

[74]  J. P. Kennett,et al.  LATEST QUATERNARY PALEOCLIMATIC AND RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGY , HOLE 1017 E , SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA MARGIN , 2000 .

[75]  J. Wallace,et al.  Teleconnections in the Geopotential Height Field during the Northern Hemisphere Winter , 1981 .

[76]  Michael Ghil,et al.  ADVANCED SPECTRAL METHODS FOR CLIMATIC TIME SERIES , 2002 .

[77]  N. Mantua,et al.  The Pacific Decadal Oscillation , 2002 .

[78]  T. Herbert,et al.  UNSATURATION ESTIMATES OF SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES AT SITE 1002 OVER A FULL GLACIAL CYCLE , 2000 .