A distributed Bi-directional hysteresis control algorithm for server-to-virtual bus differential power processing

This paper presents a control method for regulating serially connected server voltages. Following the discussion of the proposed control method, both simulations and an experimental study are performed for validation. A simulation model is used to optimize system parameters for maximizing the system-level power conversion efficiency. For the experimental study, a test-bed consisting of four 12 V servers and four dual active bridge converters is built and the control method is implemented on a digital controller. The experimental measurements show that the proposed control method achieves successful voltage regulation of serially connected servers and a system-level power conversion efficiency as high as 99.89%.

[1]  P. T. Krein,et al.  Differential Power Processing for Increased Energy Production and Reliability of Photovoltaic Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[2]  Robert C. N. Pilawa-Podgurski,et al.  A series-stacked architecture for high-efficiency data center power delivery , 2014, 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[3]  Roy Bell Power management of series connected photovoltaic sub-modules using the element-to-virtual bus differential power processing architecture , 2015 .

[4]  Philip T. Krein,et al.  Differential Power Processing for DC Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[5]  J. H. Alimeling,et al.  PLECS-piece-wise linear electrical circuit simulation for Simulink , 1999, Proceedings of the IEEE 1999 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems. PEDS'99 (Cat. No.99TH8475).

[6]  Robert C. N. Pilawa-Podgurski,et al.  A series-stacked power delivery architecture with hot-swapping for high-efficiency data centers , 2015, 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[7]  D. Maksimovic,et al.  Architectures and Control of Submodule Integrated DC–DC Converters for Photovoltaic Applications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[8]  R. C. N. Pilawa-Podgurski,et al.  Sub-module differential power processing for photovoltaic applications , 2013, 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[9]  Robert C. N. Pilawa-Podgurski,et al.  Asynchronous and distributed maximum power point tracking of series-connected photovoltaic sub-modules using differential power processing , 2014, 2014 IEEE 15th Workshop on Control and Modeling for Power Electronics (COMPEL).

[10]  Jason T. Stauth,et al.  A multilevel VR implementation and MIMO control scheme for vertically-stacked microprocessor cores , 2015, 2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[11]  C. Schaef,et al.  A multi-level ladder converter supporting vertically-stacked digital voltage domains , 2013, 2013 Twenty-Eighth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).