Electrochemical Investigations on Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries by Three-Electrode Measurements

Electrochemical characteristics of advanced lithium-ion batteries (ALBs) have been investigated using a three-electrode system. The reference electrode is a piece of lithium inserted between the anode and cathode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that both the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and charge-transfer resistances depend on the battery's state of charge (SOC). In a fully charged ALB, the main contribution to the resistance comes from the SEI of the anode; whereas, in a fully discharged state, the contribution comes from the charge-transfer resistance of the cathode. The discharge capacity under high currents is limited by the diffusion of lithium ions within the cathode; the effects of the anode are small. The charge-transfer resistance of the cathode increased most, by approximately 200%, after 200 cycles at SOC = 50%, and thus this value has the largest effect on the cycle life of the ALB. During low-temperature discharge, the anode shows the largest cell resistance of 2.8 Ω, but near the completion of discharge, the cathode contribution starts to dominate (0.4-2.7 Ω), and the anode resistance decreases to 1.3 Ω.

[1]  J. Tarascon,et al.  Comparison of Modeling Predictions with Experimental Data from Plastic Lithium Ion Cells , 1996 .

[2]  Lisa C. Klein,et al.  Cobalt dissolution in LiCoO2-based non-aqueous rechargeable batteries , 1996 .

[3]  J. Yamaki,et al.  A consideration of the morphology of electrochemically deposited lithium in an organic electrolyte , 1997 .

[4]  Minoru Inaba,et al.  Impedance Study on the Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation into Natural Graphite Powder , 1998 .

[5]  D. Northwood,et al.  Characteristics of the High‐Rate Discharge Capability of a Nickel/Metal Hydride Battery Electrode , 1999 .

[6]  B. Ratnakumar,et al.  Electrolytes for low-temperature lithium batteries based on ternary mixtures of aliphatic carbonates , 1999 .

[7]  Ganesan Nagasubramanian,et al.  Two and Three-Electrode Impedance Studies on 18650 Li-Ion Cells , 1999 .

[8]  T. Matsue,et al.  Measurements of Chemical Diffusion Coefficient of Lithium Ion in Graphitized Mesocarbon Microbeads Using a Microelectrode , 1999 .

[9]  Jai Prakash,et al.  Characterization of a commercial size cylindrical Li-ion cell with a reference electrode , 2000 .

[10]  B. N. Popov,et al.  Studies on Capacity Fade of Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2000 .

[11]  D. Aurbach.  Review of selected electrode–solution interactions which determine the performance of Li and Li ion batteries , 2000 .

[12]  Minoru Umeda,et al.  Electrochemical impedance study of Li-ion insertion into mesocarbon microbead single particle electrode: Part II. Disordered carbon , 2001 .

[13]  G. Nagasubramanian.  Electrical characteristics of 18650 Li-ion cells at low temperatures , 2001 .

[14]  Esther S. Takeuchi,et al.  A Study of Capacity Fade in Cylindrical and Prismatic Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2001 .

[15]  Matsuhiko Nishizawa,et al.  Kinetic Characterization of Single Particles of LiCoO2 by AC Impedance and Potential Step Methods , 2001 .

[16]  T. Ohsaki,et al.  New thin lithium-ion batteries using a liquid electrolyte with thermal stability. , 2001 .

[17]  Minoru Umeda,et al.  Electrochemical impedance study of Li-ion insertion into mesocarbon microbead single particle electrode , 2001 .

[18]  Hiroyuki Hasebe,et al.  Laminated Thin Li-Ion Batteries Using a Liquid Electrolyte , 2002 .

[19]  Subbarao Surampudi,et al.  Use of Organic Esters as Cosolvents in Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Improved Low Temperature Performance , 2002 .

[20]  Mao-Sung Wu,et al.  Effects of the stoichiometric ratio of aluminium and manganese on electrochemical properties of hydrogen storage alloys , 2003 .

[21]  Jiang Fan.  On the discharge capability and its limiting factors of commercial 18650 Li-ion cell at low temperatures , 2003 .

[22]  Mao-Sung Wu,et al.  Correlation between electrochemical characteristics and thermal stability of advanced lithium-ion batteries in abuse tests—short-circuit tests , 2004 .