Arm Movement Control is both Continuous and Discrete

[1]  Neville Hogan,et al.  Serial processing in human movement production , 1998, Neural Networks.

[2]  Joseph A. Doeringer,et al.  Intermittency in preplanned elbow movements persists in the absence of visual feedback. , 1998, Journal of neurophysiology.

[3]  N. Hogan,et al.  Robot-aided neurorehabilitation. , 1998, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[4]  R. Miall,et al.  Task-dependent changes in visual feedback control: a frequency analysis of human manual tracking. , 1996, Journal of motor behavior.

[5]  J R Flanagan,et al.  Trajectory adaptation to a nonlinear visuomotor transformation: evidence of motion planning in visually perceived space. , 1995, Journal of neurophysiology.

[6]  Joseph A. Doeringer,et al.  Performance of above elbow body-powered prostheses in visually guided unconstrained motion tasks , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[7]  F A Mussa-Ivaldi,et al.  Adaptive representation of dynamics during learning of a motor task , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[8]  D. Wolpert,et al.  Evidence for an error deadzone in compensatory tracking. , 1992, Journal of motor behavior.

[9]  T. Milner,et al.  A model for the generation of movements requiring endpoint precision , 1992, Neuroscience.

[10]  T. Milner,et al.  The effect of accuracy constraints on three-dimensional movement kinematics , 1990, Neuroscience.

[11]  R. Miall,et al.  Cues and control strategies in visually guided tracking. , 1989, Journal of motor behavior.

[12]  Neville Hogan,et al.  Robust control of dynamically interacting systems , 1988 .

[13]  Homayoon Kazerooni,et al.  Robust, non-linear impedance control for robot manipulators , 1987, Proceedings. 1987 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[14]  Neville Hogan,et al.  Stable execution of contact tasks using impedance control , 1987, Proceedings. 1987 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[15]  J. Hore,et al.  Evidence that a disordered servo-like mechanism contributes to tremor in movements during cerebellar dysfunction. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[16]  R. Miall,et al.  Manual tracking of visual targets by trained monkeys , 1986, Behavioural Brain Research.

[17]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Neural, mechanical, and geometric factors subserving arm posture in humans , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[18]  J. Houk,et al.  Inferior olivary neurons in the awake cat: detection of contact and passive body displacement. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[19]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Posture control and trajectory formation during arm movement , 1984, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[20]  N. Hogan.  Adaptive control of mechanical impedance by coactivation of antagonist muscles , 1984 .

[21]  C Billian,et al.  A programmable limb testing system (and some measurements of intrinsic muscular and reflex-mediated stiffnesses). , 1983, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[22]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Mechanical properties of muscles: Implications for motor control , 1982, Trends in Neurosciences.

[23]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Human arm trajectory formation. , 1982, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[24]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Functional organization of the motor process underlying the transition from movement to posture , 1981, Brain Research.

[25]  S. Andreassen,et al.  Regulation of soleus muscle stiffness in premammillary cats: intrinsic and reflex components. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[26]  J. F. Soechting,et al.  Modulation of the myotatic reflex gain in man during intentional movements , 1980, Brain Research.

[27]  Duane T. McRuer,et al.  Human dynamics in man-machine systems , 1980, Autom..

[28]  J. Kelso,et al.  Exploring a vibratory systems analysis of human movement production. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[29]  J. D. Cooke,et al.  Dependence of human arm movements on limb mechanical properties , 1979, Brain Research.

[30]  G. Zahalak,et al.  A Quantitative Evaluation of the Frequency-Response Characteristics of Active Human Skeletal Muscle In Vivo , 1979 .

[31]  J. F. Soechting,et al.  Electromyographic response to pseudo-random torque disturbances of human forearm position , 1978, Neuroscience.

[32]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Effect of load disturbances during centrally initiated movements. , 1978, Journal of neurophysiology.

[33]  W. T. Thach,et al.  Purkinje cell activity during motor learning , 1977, Brain Research.

[34]  J. Houk,et al.  Regulatory actions of human stretch reflex. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[35]  R. W. Pew,et al.  Human perceptual-motor performance , 1974 .

[36]  G. C. Joyce,et al.  The forces generated at the human elbow joint in response to imposed sinusoidal movements of the forearm , 1974, The Journal of physiology.

[37]  J. Tanji,et al.  Gating of motor cortex reflexes by prior instruction. , 1974, Brain research.

[38]  J. Houk,et al.  Reflex Compensation for Variations in the Mechanical Properties of a Muscle , 1973, Science.

[39]  S. Grillner.  The role of muscle stiffness in meeting the changing postural and locomotor requirements for force development by the ankle extensors. , 1972, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[40]  George A. Bekey,et al.  Identification of Sampling Intervals in Sampled-Data Models of Human Operators , 1968 .

[41]  L. Stark,et al.  Sampling or intermittency in hand control system dynamics. , 1968, Biophysical journal.

[42]  George A. Bekey,et al.  The Human Operator as a Sampled-Data System , 1962 .

[43]  Hammond Ph,et al.  The influence of prior instruction to the subject on an apparently involuntary neuro-muscular response. , 1956 .

[44]  Robert Sessions Woodworth,et al.  THE ACCURACY OF VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT , 1899 .

[45]  P. R..  and Research Issues Associated With the Hybrid Control of Force and Displacement” , 2003 .

[46]  Joseph A. Doeringer,et al.  An investigation into the discrete nature of human arm movements , 1999 .

[47]  J. Gordon,et al.  Impairments of reaching movements in patients without proprioception. II. Effects of visual information on accuracy. , 1995, Journal of neurophysiology.

[48]  J. Gordon,et al.  Impairments of reaching movements in patients without proprioception. I. Spatial errors. , 1995, Journal of neurophysiology.

[49]  R. Miall,et al.  Intermittency in human manual tracking tasks. , 1993, Journal of motor behavior.

[50]  N. Hogan.  Mechanical Impedance of Single- and Multi-Articular Systems , 1990 .

[51]  Ernest Dean Fasse,et al.  Stability robustness of impedance controlled manipulators coupled to passive environments , 1987 .

[52]  E K Antonsson,et al.  The frequency content of gait. , 1985, Journal of biomechanics.

[53]  H. Dr,et al.  Separate cortical systems for control of joint movement and joint stiffness: reciprocal activation and coactivation of antagonist muscles. , 1983 .

[54]  J. F. Soechting,et al.  Changes in mechanical impedance and gain of the myotatic response during transitions between two motor tasks , 1983 .

[55]  I. Hunter,et al.  Dynamics of human ankle stiffness: variation with mean ankle torque. , 1982, Journal of biomechanics.

[56]  P. Viviani,et al.  32 Space-Time Invariance in Learned Motor Skills , 1980 .

[57]  J C Houk,et al.  Regulation of stiffness by skeletomotor reflexes. , 1979, Annual review of physiology.

[58]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Characteristics of motor programs underlying arm movements in monkeys. , 1979, Journal of neurophysiology.

[59]  G. Gottlieb,et al.  Dependence of human ankle compliance on joint angle. , 1978, Journal of biomechanics.

[60]  J. Houk,et al.  Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[61]  E. C. Poulton,et al.  Tracking skill and manual control , 1974 .