Healthcare-Associated Infections after Lower Urinary Tract Endoscopic Surgery: Analysis of Risk Factors, Associated Microorganisms and Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance

Objectives: To review the incidence of healthcare-associated infections/urinary tract infection (UTI), risk factors, microorganisms isolated and antibiotic resistances in patients who underwent lower urinary tract endoscopic surgery (LUTES) in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out including 1,498 patients who undergo LUTES. Patients with and without UTI after surgery were compared. We analysed infection incidence, risk factors, microorganisms isolated and antibiotic resistances. Results: Postoperative UTI incidence was 4.7%. Risk factors found: higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.8–4.5; p < 0.00), immunosuppression (OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.2–7.2; p = 0.01), indwelling urinary catheter prior admission (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.6–4.2; p < 0.00) and postoperative catheterization longer than 2 days (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.7–4.3; p < 0.00). Transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) had the highest infection rates (5.5%). Microorganisms isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.5%), Escherichia coli (17.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus spp (11.8%). Resistance rates for flourquinolones varied between 28 and 80%, and Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae rose up 20%. Conclusions: Low percentage of UTI after endoscopic surgery was registered. TURB was the procedure with highest infection rate. Pseudomonas aeruginosa stands out as the most frequently isolated microorganism. Patient comorbidities, previous urinary catheter and postoperative catheter were identified as risk factors.