12V battery modeling: Model development, simulation and validation

This paper presents a 12V batteries modeling approach suitable for both lead acid and Li-ion batteries. In this work we have developed a simulation model, based on equivalent circuit models, of the lead acid and 12V Li-ion batteries in order to study their operating behavior. The trade-off between model accuracy and complexity is analyzed in order to obtain a proper model behavior under various operating conditions and simulation objectives (fast transients voltages behavior, fuel consumption or steady state phases). Experimental measurements prove that the obtained battery models are capable of providing accurate simulation results.