Modeling efficiency and robustness in ruminants: the nutritional point of view.

The efficiency and robustness of farm animals has been of growing interest in recent decades, particularly for ruminants which are subject to many constraints. In recent times, systemic modeling approaches have been developed with promising applications in all areas of livestock production.Therefore, the main challenge is to apply modeling methods to issues of efficiency and robustness. Thus, in the domain of animal nutrition, the recent systems of feeding units have proposed interesting advances that will soon be applicable in the field.